Steady-State Heat Transport and Work With a Single Artificial Atom Coupled to a Waveguide: Emission Without External Driving
We observe the continuous emission of photons into a waveguide from a superconducting qubit without the application of an external drive. To explain this counterintuitive observation, we build a two-bath model where the qubit couples simultaneously to a cold bath (the waveguide) and a hot bath (a se...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Physical Society
2022-04-01
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| Series: | PRX Quantum |
| Online Access: | http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020305 |
| _version_ | 1818668005884690432 |
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| author | Yong Lu Neill Lambert Anton Frisk Kockum Ken Funo Andreas Bengtsson Simone Gasparinetti Franco Nori Per Delsing |
| author_facet | Yong Lu Neill Lambert Anton Frisk Kockum Ken Funo Andreas Bengtsson Simone Gasparinetti Franco Nori Per Delsing |
| author_sort | Yong Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We observe the continuous emission of photons into a waveguide from a superconducting qubit without the application of an external drive. To explain this counterintuitive observation, we build a two-bath model where the qubit couples simultaneously to a cold bath (the waveguide) and a hot bath (a secondary environment). Our results show that the thermal-photon occupation of the hot bath is up to 0.14 photons, 35 times larger than the cold waveguide, leading to nonequilibrium heat transport with a power of up to 132 zW, as estimated from the qubit emission spectrum. By adding more isolation between the sample output and the first cold amplifier in the output line, the heat transport is strongly suppressed. Our interpretation is that the hot bath may arise from active two-level systems being excited by noise from the output line, and that the qubit coherence can be improved significantly by suppressing this noise. We also apply a coherent drive, and use the waveguide to measure thermodynamic work and heat, suggesting waveguide spectroscopy is a useful means to study quantum heat engines and refrigerators. Finally, based on the theoretical model, we propose how a similar setup can be used as a noise spectrometer which provides a solution for calibrating the background noise of hybrid quantum systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:29:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ad04b747b6248efb980f34a5c3007df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2691-3399 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:29:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PRX Quantum |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ad04b747b6248efb980f34a5c3007df2022-12-21T22:00:11ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPRX Quantum2691-33992022-04-013202030510.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020305Steady-State Heat Transport and Work With a Single Artificial Atom Coupled to a Waveguide: Emission Without External DrivingYong LuNeill LambertAnton Frisk KockumKen FunoAndreas BengtssonSimone GasparinettiFranco NoriPer DelsingWe observe the continuous emission of photons into a waveguide from a superconducting qubit without the application of an external drive. To explain this counterintuitive observation, we build a two-bath model where the qubit couples simultaneously to a cold bath (the waveguide) and a hot bath (a secondary environment). Our results show that the thermal-photon occupation of the hot bath is up to 0.14 photons, 35 times larger than the cold waveguide, leading to nonequilibrium heat transport with a power of up to 132 zW, as estimated from the qubit emission spectrum. By adding more isolation between the sample output and the first cold amplifier in the output line, the heat transport is strongly suppressed. Our interpretation is that the hot bath may arise from active two-level systems being excited by noise from the output line, and that the qubit coherence can be improved significantly by suppressing this noise. We also apply a coherent drive, and use the waveguide to measure thermodynamic work and heat, suggesting waveguide spectroscopy is a useful means to study quantum heat engines and refrigerators. Finally, based on the theoretical model, we propose how a similar setup can be used as a noise spectrometer which provides a solution for calibrating the background noise of hybrid quantum systems.http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020305 |
| spellingShingle | Yong Lu Neill Lambert Anton Frisk Kockum Ken Funo Andreas Bengtsson Simone Gasparinetti Franco Nori Per Delsing Steady-State Heat Transport and Work With a Single Artificial Atom Coupled to a Waveguide: Emission Without External Driving PRX Quantum |
| title | Steady-State Heat Transport and Work With a Single Artificial Atom Coupled to a Waveguide: Emission Without External Driving |
| title_full | Steady-State Heat Transport and Work With a Single Artificial Atom Coupled to a Waveguide: Emission Without External Driving |
| title_fullStr | Steady-State Heat Transport and Work With a Single Artificial Atom Coupled to a Waveguide: Emission Without External Driving |
| title_full_unstemmed | Steady-State Heat Transport and Work With a Single Artificial Atom Coupled to a Waveguide: Emission Without External Driving |
| title_short | Steady-State Heat Transport and Work With a Single Artificial Atom Coupled to a Waveguide: Emission Without External Driving |
| title_sort | steady state heat transport and work with a single artificial atom coupled to a waveguide emission without external driving |
| url | http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020305 |
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