Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, <i>C. elegans</i> and Growing Broilers
Climatic changes and heat stress have become a great challenge in the livestock industry, negatively affecting, in particular, poultry feed intake and intestinal barrier malfunction. Recently, phytogenic feed additives were applied to reduce heat stress effects on animal farming. Here, we investigat...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/4/835 |
| _version_ | 1811280607656804352 |
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| author | Georg Sandner Andreas S. Mueller Xiaodan Zhou Verena Stadlbauer Bettina Schwarzinger Clemens Schwarzinger Uwe Wenzel Klaus Maenner Jan Dirk van der Klis Stefan Hirtenlehner Tobias Aumiller Julian Weghuber |
| author_facet | Georg Sandner Andreas S. Mueller Xiaodan Zhou Verena Stadlbauer Bettina Schwarzinger Clemens Schwarzinger Uwe Wenzel Klaus Maenner Jan Dirk van der Klis Stefan Hirtenlehner Tobias Aumiller Julian Weghuber |
| author_sort | Georg Sandner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climatic changes and heat stress have become a great challenge in the livestock industry, negatively affecting, in particular, poultry feed intake and intestinal barrier malfunction. Recently, phytogenic feed additives were applied to reduce heat stress effects on animal farming. Here, we investigated the effects of ginseng extract using various in vitro and in vivo experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR, transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and survival assays under heat stress conditions were carried out in various model systems, including Caco-2 cells, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and <i>jejunum</i> samples of broilers. Under heat stress conditions, ginseng treatment lowered the expression of <i>HSPA1A</i> (Caco-2) and the heat shock protein genes <i>hsp-1</i> and <i>hsp-16.2</i> (both in <i>C. elegans</i>), while all three of the tested genes encoding tight junction proteins, <i>CLDN3</i>, <i>OCLN</i> and <i>CLDN1</i> (Caco-2), were upregulated. In addition, we observed prolonged survival under heat stress in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, and a better performance of growing ginseng-fed broilers by the increased gene expression of selected heat shock and tight junction proteins. The presence of ginseng extract resulted in a reduced decrease in transepithelial resistance under heat shock conditions. Finally, LC-MS analysis was performed to quantitate the most prominent ginsenosides in the extract used for this study, being Re, Rg1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd. In conclusion, ginseng extract was found to be a suitable feed additive in animal nutrition to reduce the negative physiological effects caused by heat stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:17:53Z |
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| id | doaj.art-8ad8e3862ea345c29c9957fc978beecd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:17:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ad8e3862ea345c29c9957fc978beecd2022-12-22T03:08:52ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-02-0125483510.3390/molecules25040835molecules25040835Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, <i>C. elegans</i> and Growing BroilersGeorg Sandner0Andreas S. Mueller1Xiaodan Zhou2Verena Stadlbauer3Bettina Schwarzinger4Clemens Schwarzinger5Uwe Wenzel6Klaus Maenner7Jan Dirk van der Klis8Stefan Hirtenlehner9Tobias Aumiller10Julian Weghuber11School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, AustriaDelacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, AustriaDelacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, AustriaSchool of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, AustriaSchool of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, AustriaJohannes Kepler University, Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Linz, Austria 4040Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, GermanyInstitute of Animal Nutrition of Free University Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str.49, 14195 Berlin, GermanyDelacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, AustriaDelacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, AustriaDelacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, AustriaSchool of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, AustriaClimatic changes and heat stress have become a great challenge in the livestock industry, negatively affecting, in particular, poultry feed intake and intestinal barrier malfunction. Recently, phytogenic feed additives were applied to reduce heat stress effects on animal farming. Here, we investigated the effects of ginseng extract using various in vitro and in vivo experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR, transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and survival assays under heat stress conditions were carried out in various model systems, including Caco-2 cells, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and <i>jejunum</i> samples of broilers. Under heat stress conditions, ginseng treatment lowered the expression of <i>HSPA1A</i> (Caco-2) and the heat shock protein genes <i>hsp-1</i> and <i>hsp-16.2</i> (both in <i>C. elegans</i>), while all three of the tested genes encoding tight junction proteins, <i>CLDN3</i>, <i>OCLN</i> and <i>CLDN1</i> (Caco-2), were upregulated. In addition, we observed prolonged survival under heat stress in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, and a better performance of growing ginseng-fed broilers by the increased gene expression of selected heat shock and tight junction proteins. The presence of ginseng extract resulted in a reduced decrease in transepithelial resistance under heat shock conditions. Finally, LC-MS analysis was performed to quantitate the most prominent ginsenosides in the extract used for this study, being Re, Rg1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd. In conclusion, ginseng extract was found to be a suitable feed additive in animal nutrition to reduce the negative physiological effects caused by heat stress.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/4/835ginseng extractheat stressintestinal barrierbroiler |
| spellingShingle | Georg Sandner Andreas S. Mueller Xiaodan Zhou Verena Stadlbauer Bettina Schwarzinger Clemens Schwarzinger Uwe Wenzel Klaus Maenner Jan Dirk van der Klis Stefan Hirtenlehner Tobias Aumiller Julian Weghuber Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, <i>C. elegans</i> and Growing Broilers Molecules ginseng extract heat stress intestinal barrier broiler |
| title | Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, <i>C. elegans</i> and Growing Broilers |
| title_full | Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, <i>C. elegans</i> and Growing Broilers |
| title_fullStr | Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, <i>C. elegans</i> and Growing Broilers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, <i>C. elegans</i> and Growing Broilers |
| title_short | Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, <i>C. elegans</i> and Growing Broilers |
| title_sort | ginseng extract ameliorates the negative physiological effects of heat stress by supporting heat shock response and improving intestinal barrier integrity evidence from studies with heat stressed caco 2 cells i c elegans i and growing broilers |
| topic | ginseng extract heat stress intestinal barrier broiler |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/4/835 |
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