Structural Equation Modeling of a Global Stress Index in Healthy Soldiers
Accumulation of stress is a prognostic trigger for cardiovascular disease. Classical scores for cardiovascular risk estimation typically do not consider psychosocial stress. The aim of this study was to develop a global stress index (GSI) from healthy participants by combining individual measures of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/8/1799 |
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| author | Tanja Maier Melanie Kugelmann Dae-Sup Rhee Sebastian Brill Harald Gündel Benedikt Friemert Horst-Peter Becker Christiane Waller Manuela Rappel |
| author_facet | Tanja Maier Melanie Kugelmann Dae-Sup Rhee Sebastian Brill Harald Gündel Benedikt Friemert Horst-Peter Becker Christiane Waller Manuela Rappel |
| author_sort | Tanja Maier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Accumulation of stress is a prognostic trigger for cardiovascular disease. Classical scores for cardiovascular risk estimation typically do not consider psychosocial stress. The aim of this study was to develop a global stress index (GSI) from healthy participants by combining individual measures of acute and chronic stress from childhood to adult life. One-hundred and ninety-two female and male soldiers completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS4), Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale Checklist (PDS), and the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI-2). The underlying structure for the GSI was examined through structural equation modeling. The final hierarchical multilevel model revealed fair fit by taking modification indices into account. The highest order had a g-factor called the GSI. On a second level the latent variables stress, HADS and CTQ were directly loading on the GSI. A third level with the six CTQ subscales was implemented. On the lowest hierarchical level all manifest variables and the DRRI-2/PDS sum scores were located. The presented GSI serves as a valuable and individual stress profile for soldiers and could potentially complement classical cardiovascular risk factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:08:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8adbfa7d997043f4b5d4d877b13648a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:08:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-8adbfa7d997043f4b5d4d877b13648a02023-11-21T16:23:59ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-04-01108179910.3390/jcm10081799Structural Equation Modeling of a Global Stress Index in Healthy SoldiersTanja Maier0Melanie Kugelmann1Dae-Sup Rhee2Sebastian Brill3Harald Gündel4Benedikt Friemert5Horst-Peter Becker6Christiane Waller7Manuela Rappel8Clinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, GermanyClinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, GermanyClinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, GermanyMilitary Hospital, 89081 Ulm, GermanyClinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, GermanyMilitary Hospital, 89081 Ulm, GermanyMilitary Hospital, 10115 Berlin, GermanyClinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, GermanyClinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, GermanyAccumulation of stress is a prognostic trigger for cardiovascular disease. Classical scores for cardiovascular risk estimation typically do not consider psychosocial stress. The aim of this study was to develop a global stress index (GSI) from healthy participants by combining individual measures of acute and chronic stress from childhood to adult life. One-hundred and ninety-two female and male soldiers completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS4), Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale Checklist (PDS), and the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI-2). The underlying structure for the GSI was examined through structural equation modeling. The final hierarchical multilevel model revealed fair fit by taking modification indices into account. The highest order had a g-factor called the GSI. On a second level the latent variables stress, HADS and CTQ were directly loading on the GSI. A third level with the six CTQ subscales was implemented. On the lowest hierarchical level all manifest variables and the DRRI-2/PDS sum scores were located. The presented GSI serves as a valuable and individual stress profile for soldiers and could potentially complement classical cardiovascular risk factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/8/1799psychosocial stressstructural equation modelcardiovascular diseaserisk factorsglobal stress index |
| spellingShingle | Tanja Maier Melanie Kugelmann Dae-Sup Rhee Sebastian Brill Harald Gündel Benedikt Friemert Horst-Peter Becker Christiane Waller Manuela Rappel Structural Equation Modeling of a Global Stress Index in Healthy Soldiers Journal of Clinical Medicine psychosocial stress structural equation model cardiovascular disease risk factors global stress index |
| title | Structural Equation Modeling of a Global Stress Index in Healthy Soldiers |
| title_full | Structural Equation Modeling of a Global Stress Index in Healthy Soldiers |
| title_fullStr | Structural Equation Modeling of a Global Stress Index in Healthy Soldiers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural Equation Modeling of a Global Stress Index in Healthy Soldiers |
| title_short | Structural Equation Modeling of a Global Stress Index in Healthy Soldiers |
| title_sort | structural equation modeling of a global stress index in healthy soldiers |
| topic | psychosocial stress structural equation model cardiovascular disease risk factors global stress index |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/8/1799 |
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