Liposome-Derived Nanosystems for the Treatment of Behavioral and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Promise of Niosomes, Transfersomes, and Ethosomes for Increased Brain Drug Bioavailability
Psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are amongst the most prevalent and debilitating diseases, but current treatments either have low success rates, greatly due to the low permeability of the blood–brain barrier, and/or are connected to severe side effects. Hence, new strategies are extremely...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/10/1424 |
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| author | Patrícia C. Pires Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos Francisco Veiga |
| author_facet | Patrícia C. Pires Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos Francisco Veiga |
| author_sort | Patrícia C. Pires |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are amongst the most prevalent and debilitating diseases, but current treatments either have low success rates, greatly due to the low permeability of the blood–brain barrier, and/or are connected to severe side effects. Hence, new strategies are extremely important, and here is where liposome-derived nanosystems come in. Niosomes, transfersomes, and ethosomes are nanometric vesicular structures that allow drug encapsulation, protecting them from degradation, and increasing their solubility, permeability, brain targeting, and bioavailability. This review highlighted the great potential of these nanosystems for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and depression. Studies regarding the encapsulation of synthetic and natural-derived molecules in these systems, for intravenous, oral, transdermal, or intranasal administration, have led to an increased brain bioavailability when compared to conventional pharmaceutical forms. Moreover, the developed formulations proved to have neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, including brain neurotransmitter level restoration and brain oxidative status improvement, and improved locomotor activity or enhancement of recognition and working memories in animal models. Hence, albeit being relatively new technologies, niosomes, transfersomes, and ethosomes have already proven to increase the brain bioavailability of psychoactive drugs, leading to increased effectiveness and decreased side effects, showing promise as future therapeutics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:58:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8add565fd5d14562b455c22c4b03eefb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:58:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-8add565fd5d14562b455c22c4b03eefb2023-11-19T17:42:18ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-10-011610142410.3390/ph16101424Liposome-Derived Nanosystems for the Treatment of Behavioral and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Promise of Niosomes, Transfersomes, and Ethosomes for Increased Brain Drug BioavailabilityPatrícia C. Pires0Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos1Francisco Veiga2Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, PortugalFaculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, PortugalFaculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, PortugalPsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are amongst the most prevalent and debilitating diseases, but current treatments either have low success rates, greatly due to the low permeability of the blood–brain barrier, and/or are connected to severe side effects. Hence, new strategies are extremely important, and here is where liposome-derived nanosystems come in. Niosomes, transfersomes, and ethosomes are nanometric vesicular structures that allow drug encapsulation, protecting them from degradation, and increasing their solubility, permeability, brain targeting, and bioavailability. This review highlighted the great potential of these nanosystems for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and depression. Studies regarding the encapsulation of synthetic and natural-derived molecules in these systems, for intravenous, oral, transdermal, or intranasal administration, have led to an increased brain bioavailability when compared to conventional pharmaceutical forms. Moreover, the developed formulations proved to have neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, including brain neurotransmitter level restoration and brain oxidative status improvement, and improved locomotor activity or enhancement of recognition and working memories in animal models. Hence, albeit being relatively new technologies, niosomes, transfersomes, and ethosomes have already proven to increase the brain bioavailability of psychoactive drugs, leading to increased effectiveness and decreased side effects, showing promise as future therapeutics.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/10/1424Alzheimer’s diseaseanxietybrain bioavailabilitydepressionethosomesintranasal |
| spellingShingle | Patrícia C. Pires Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos Francisco Veiga Liposome-Derived Nanosystems for the Treatment of Behavioral and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Promise of Niosomes, Transfersomes, and Ethosomes for Increased Brain Drug Bioavailability Pharmaceuticals Alzheimer’s disease anxiety brain bioavailability depression ethosomes intranasal |
| title | Liposome-Derived Nanosystems for the Treatment of Behavioral and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Promise of Niosomes, Transfersomes, and Ethosomes for Increased Brain Drug Bioavailability |
| title_full | Liposome-Derived Nanosystems for the Treatment of Behavioral and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Promise of Niosomes, Transfersomes, and Ethosomes for Increased Brain Drug Bioavailability |
| title_fullStr | Liposome-Derived Nanosystems for the Treatment of Behavioral and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Promise of Niosomes, Transfersomes, and Ethosomes for Increased Brain Drug Bioavailability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Liposome-Derived Nanosystems for the Treatment of Behavioral and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Promise of Niosomes, Transfersomes, and Ethosomes for Increased Brain Drug Bioavailability |
| title_short | Liposome-Derived Nanosystems for the Treatment of Behavioral and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Promise of Niosomes, Transfersomes, and Ethosomes for Increased Brain Drug Bioavailability |
| title_sort | liposome derived nanosystems for the treatment of behavioral and neurodegenerative diseases the promise of niosomes transfersomes and ethosomes for increased brain drug bioavailability |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease anxiety brain bioavailability depression ethosomes intranasal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/10/1424 |
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