Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections
<i>Salmonella</i> is a major foodborne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. <i>Salmonella</i> is highly pathogenic and encompasses more than 2600 characterized serovars. The transmission of <i>Salmonella</i> to humans occurs throu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/1/76 |
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| author | Bibek Lamichhane Asmaa M. M. Mawad Mohamed Saleh William G. Kelley Patrick J. Harrington Cayenne W. Lovestad Jessica Amezcua Mohamed M. Sarhan Mohamed E. El Zowalaty Hazem Ramadan Melissa Morgan Yosra A. Helmy |
| author_facet | Bibek Lamichhane Asmaa M. M. Mawad Mohamed Saleh William G. Kelley Patrick J. Harrington Cayenne W. Lovestad Jessica Amezcua Mohamed M. Sarhan Mohamed E. El Zowalaty Hazem Ramadan Melissa Morgan Yosra A. Helmy |
| author_sort | Bibek Lamichhane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salmonella</i> is a major foodborne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. <i>Salmonella</i> is highly pathogenic and encompasses more than 2600 characterized serovars. The transmission of <i>Salmonella</i> to humans occurs through the farm-to-fork continuum and is commonly linked to the consumption of animal-derived food products. Among these sources, poultry and poultry products are primary contributors, followed by beef, pork, fish, and non-animal-derived food such as fruits and vegetables. While antibiotics constitute the primary treatment for salmonellosis, the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella</i> strains have highlighted the urgency of developing antibiotic alternatives. Effective infection management necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the pathogen’s epidemiology and transmission dynamics. Therefore, this comprehensive review focuses on the epidemiology, sources of infection, risk factors, transmission dynamics, and the host range of <i>Salmonella</i> serotypes. This review also investigates the disease characteristics observed in both humans and animals, antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, and potential strategies for treatment and control of salmonellosis, emphasizing the most recent antibiotic-alternative approaches for infection control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:07:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8af4f8a384264d1b88c67b76aaf3d2a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:07:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8af4f8a384264d1b88c67b76aaf3d2a72024-01-26T14:38:00ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822024-01-011317610.3390/antibiotics13010076Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant InfectionsBibek Lamichhane0Asmaa M. M. Mawad1Mohamed Saleh2William G. Kelley3Patrick J. Harrington4Cayenne W. Lovestad5Jessica Amezcua6Mohamed M. Sarhan7Mohamed E. El Zowalaty8Hazem Ramadan9Melissa Morgan10Yosra A. Helmy11Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USABotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, EgyptDepartment of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USADepartment of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USADepartment of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USADepartment of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USADepartment of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USAFaculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), Ras Sudr 8744304, EgyptVeterinary Medicine and Food Security Research Group, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women’s Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab EmiratesHygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptDepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USADepartment of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA<i>Salmonella</i> is a major foodborne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. <i>Salmonella</i> is highly pathogenic and encompasses more than 2600 characterized serovars. The transmission of <i>Salmonella</i> to humans occurs through the farm-to-fork continuum and is commonly linked to the consumption of animal-derived food products. Among these sources, poultry and poultry products are primary contributors, followed by beef, pork, fish, and non-animal-derived food such as fruits and vegetables. While antibiotics constitute the primary treatment for salmonellosis, the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella</i> strains have highlighted the urgency of developing antibiotic alternatives. Effective infection management necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the pathogen’s epidemiology and transmission dynamics. Therefore, this comprehensive review focuses on the epidemiology, sources of infection, risk factors, transmission dynamics, and the host range of <i>Salmonella</i> serotypes. This review also investigates the disease characteristics observed in both humans and animals, antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, and potential strategies for treatment and control of salmonellosis, emphasizing the most recent antibiotic-alternative approaches for infection control.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/1/76<i>Salmonella</i>Foodborne pathogensantibioticsantibiotic resistanceantibiotic-alternatives |
| spellingShingle | Bibek Lamichhane Asmaa M. M. Mawad Mohamed Saleh William G. Kelley Patrick J. Harrington Cayenne W. Lovestad Jessica Amezcua Mohamed M. Sarhan Mohamed E. El Zowalaty Hazem Ramadan Melissa Morgan Yosra A. Helmy Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections Antibiotics <i>Salmonella</i> Foodborne pathogens antibiotics antibiotic resistance antibiotic-alternatives |
| title | Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections |
| title_full | Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections |
| title_fullStr | Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections |
| title_short | Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections |
| title_sort | salmonellosis an overview of epidemiology pathogenesis and innovative approaches to mitigate the antimicrobial resistant infections |
| topic | <i>Salmonella</i> Foodborne pathogens antibiotics antibiotic resistance antibiotic-alternatives |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/1/76 |
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