Biogeography of Long-Jawed Spiders Reveals Multiple Colonization of the Caribbean
Dispersal ability can affect levels of gene flow thereby shaping species distributions and richness patterns. The intermediate dispersal model of biogeography (IDM) predicts that in island systems, species diversity of those lineages with an intermediate dispersal potential is the highest. Here, we...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| author | Klemen Čandek Ingi Agnarsson Greta J. Binford Matjaž Kuntner |
| author_facet | Klemen Čandek Ingi Agnarsson Greta J. Binford Matjaž Kuntner |
| author_sort | Klemen Čandek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dispersal ability can affect levels of gene flow thereby shaping species distributions and richness patterns. The intermediate dispersal model of biogeography (IDM) predicts that in island systems, species diversity of those lineages with an intermediate dispersal potential is the highest. Here, we tested this prediction on long-jawed spiders (<i>Tetragnatha</i>) of the Caribbean archipelago using phylogenies from a total of 318 individuals delineated into 54 putative species. Our results support a <i>Tetragnatha</i> monophyly (within our sampling) but reject the monophyly of the Caribbean lineages, where we found low endemism yet high diversity. The reconstructed biogeographic history detects a potential early overwater colonization of the Caribbean, refuting an ancient vicariant origin of the Caribbean <i>Tetragnatha</i> as well as the GAARlandia land-bridge scenario. Instead, the results imply multiple colonization events to and from the Caribbean from the mid-Eocene to late-Miocene. Among arachnids, <i>Tetragnatha</i> uniquely comprises both excellently and poorly dispersing species. A direct test of the IDM would require consideration of three categories of dispersers; however, long-jawed spiders do not fit one of these three a priori definitions, but rather represent a more complex combination of attributes. A taxon such as <i>Tetragnatha</i>, one that readily undergoes evolutionary changes in dispersal propensity, can be referred to as a ‘dynamic disperser’. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:18:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8af9b87126d4483cb2d291926e21b69f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-2818 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:18:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| series | Diversity |
| spelling | doaj.art-8af9b87126d4483cb2d291926e21b69f2023-11-23T07:56:16ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182021-11-01131262210.3390/d13120622Biogeography of Long-Jawed Spiders Reveals Multiple Colonization of the CaribbeanKlemen Čandek0Ingi Agnarsson1Greta J. Binford2Matjaž Kuntner3Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USADepartment of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, OR 97219, USADepartment of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDispersal ability can affect levels of gene flow thereby shaping species distributions and richness patterns. The intermediate dispersal model of biogeography (IDM) predicts that in island systems, species diversity of those lineages with an intermediate dispersal potential is the highest. Here, we tested this prediction on long-jawed spiders (<i>Tetragnatha</i>) of the Caribbean archipelago using phylogenies from a total of 318 individuals delineated into 54 putative species. Our results support a <i>Tetragnatha</i> monophyly (within our sampling) but reject the monophyly of the Caribbean lineages, where we found low endemism yet high diversity. The reconstructed biogeographic history detects a potential early overwater colonization of the Caribbean, refuting an ancient vicariant origin of the Caribbean <i>Tetragnatha</i> as well as the GAARlandia land-bridge scenario. Instead, the results imply multiple colonization events to and from the Caribbean from the mid-Eocene to late-Miocene. Among arachnids, <i>Tetragnatha</i> uniquely comprises both excellently and poorly dispersing species. A direct test of the IDM would require consideration of three categories of dispersers; however, long-jawed spiders do not fit one of these three a priori definitions, but rather represent a more complex combination of attributes. A taxon such as <i>Tetragnatha</i>, one that readily undergoes evolutionary changes in dispersal propensity, can be referred to as a ‘dynamic disperser’.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/12/622<i>Tetragnatha</i>dynamic disperserintermediate dispersal model of biogeographyGAARlandiaTetragnathidae |
| spellingShingle | Klemen Čandek Ingi Agnarsson Greta J. Binford Matjaž Kuntner Biogeography of Long-Jawed Spiders Reveals Multiple Colonization of the Caribbean Diversity <i>Tetragnatha</i> dynamic disperser intermediate dispersal model of biogeography GAARlandia Tetragnathidae |
| title | Biogeography of Long-Jawed Spiders Reveals Multiple Colonization of the Caribbean |
| title_full | Biogeography of Long-Jawed Spiders Reveals Multiple Colonization of the Caribbean |
| title_fullStr | Biogeography of Long-Jawed Spiders Reveals Multiple Colonization of the Caribbean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biogeography of Long-Jawed Spiders Reveals Multiple Colonization of the Caribbean |
| title_short | Biogeography of Long-Jawed Spiders Reveals Multiple Colonization of the Caribbean |
| title_sort | biogeography of long jawed spiders reveals multiple colonization of the caribbean |
| topic | <i>Tetragnatha</i> dynamic disperser intermediate dispersal model of biogeography GAARlandia Tetragnathidae |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/12/622 |
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