Immune Response and Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Patients with Rectal Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Review

Immune Response and Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Patients with Rectal Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Review

It is well-established that tumor antigens and molecules expressed and secreted by cancer cells trigger innate and adaptive immune responses. These two types of anti-tumor immunity lead to the infiltration of the tumor’s microenvironment by immune cells with either regulatory or cytotoxic properties...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Ioannis M. Koukourakis, Kalliopi Platoni, Dina Tiniakos, Vassilis Kouloulias, Anna Zygogianni
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2023-05-01
Series:	Current Issues in Molecular Biology
Subjects:	rectal cancer radiotherapy immune checkpoint HLA aminoacid metabolism prognosis
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/45/5/285

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