Area-Efficient Short-Time Fourier Transform Processor for Time–Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals
In this paper, we propose an area-efficient short-time Fourier transform (STFT) processor that can perform time–frequency analysis of non-stationary signals in real time, which is essential for voice or radar-signal processing systems. STFT processors consist of a windowing module and a fast Fourier...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-10-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/20/7208 |
| _version_ | 1797550804596424704 |
|---|---|
| author | Hohyub Jeon Yongchul Jung Seongjoo Lee Yunho Jung |
| author_facet | Hohyub Jeon Yongchul Jung Seongjoo Lee Yunho Jung |
| author_sort | Hohyub Jeon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we propose an area-efficient short-time Fourier transform (STFT) processor that can perform time–frequency analysis of non-stationary signals in real time, which is essential for voice or radar-signal processing systems. STFT processors consist of a windowing module and a fast Fourier transform processor. The length of the window function is related to the time–frequency resolution, and the required window length varies depending on the application. In addition, the window function needs to overlap the input data samples to minimize the data loss in the window boundary, and overlap ratios of 25%, 50%, and 75% are generally used. Therefore, the STFT processor should ideally support a variable window length and overlap ratio and be implemented with an efficient hardware architecture for real-time time–frequency analysis. The proposed STFT processor is based on the radix-4 multi-path delay commutator (R4MDC) pipeline architecture and supports a variable length of 16, 64, 256, and 1024 and overlap ratios of 25%, 50%, and 75%. Moreover, the proposed STFT processor can be implemented with very low complexity by having a relatively lower number of delay elements, which are the ones that increase complexity in the most STFT processors. The proposed STFT processor was designed using hardware description language (HDL) and synthesized to gate-level circuits using a standard cell library in a 65 nm CMOS process. The proposed STFT processor results in logic gates of 197,970, which is 63% less than that of the conventional radix-2 single-path delay feedback (R2SDF) based STFT processor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:35:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b22f8d0294c4520984b6cb02b534950 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:35:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b22f8d0294c4520984b6cb02b5349502023-11-20T17:18:01ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-10-011020720810.3390/app10207208Area-Efficient Short-Time Fourier Transform Processor for Time–Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary SignalsHohyub Jeon0Yongchul Jung1Seongjoo Lee2Yunho Jung3School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, KoreaSchool of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, KoreaThe Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, KoreaSchool of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, KoreaIn this paper, we propose an area-efficient short-time Fourier transform (STFT) processor that can perform time–frequency analysis of non-stationary signals in real time, which is essential for voice or radar-signal processing systems. STFT processors consist of a windowing module and a fast Fourier transform processor. The length of the window function is related to the time–frequency resolution, and the required window length varies depending on the application. In addition, the window function needs to overlap the input data samples to minimize the data loss in the window boundary, and overlap ratios of 25%, 50%, and 75% are generally used. Therefore, the STFT processor should ideally support a variable window length and overlap ratio and be implemented with an efficient hardware architecture for real-time time–frequency analysis. The proposed STFT processor is based on the radix-4 multi-path delay commutator (R4MDC) pipeline architecture and supports a variable length of 16, 64, 256, and 1024 and overlap ratios of 25%, 50%, and 75%. Moreover, the proposed STFT processor can be implemented with very low complexity by having a relatively lower number of delay elements, which are the ones that increase complexity in the most STFT processors. The proposed STFT processor was designed using hardware description language (HDL) and synthesized to gate-level circuits using a standard cell library in a 65 nm CMOS process. The proposed STFT processor results in logic gates of 197,970, which is 63% less than that of the conventional radix-2 single-path delay feedback (R2SDF) based STFT processor.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/20/7208short-time Fourier transform (STFT)fast Fourier transform (FFT)multi-path delay commutator (MDC)single-path delay feedback (SDF)non-stationary signaltime–frequency analysis |
| spellingShingle | Hohyub Jeon Yongchul Jung Seongjoo Lee Yunho Jung Area-Efficient Short-Time Fourier Transform Processor for Time–Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals Applied Sciences short-time Fourier transform (STFT) fast Fourier transform (FFT) multi-path delay commutator (MDC) single-path delay feedback (SDF) non-stationary signal time–frequency analysis |
| title | Area-Efficient Short-Time Fourier Transform Processor for Time–Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals |
| title_full | Area-Efficient Short-Time Fourier Transform Processor for Time–Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals |
| title_fullStr | Area-Efficient Short-Time Fourier Transform Processor for Time–Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Area-Efficient Short-Time Fourier Transform Processor for Time–Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals |
| title_short | Area-Efficient Short-Time Fourier Transform Processor for Time–Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals |
| title_sort | area efficient short time fourier transform processor for time frequency analysis of non stationary signals |
| topic | short-time Fourier transform (STFT) fast Fourier transform (FFT) multi-path delay commutator (MDC) single-path delay feedback (SDF) non-stationary signal time–frequency analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/20/7208 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hohyubjeon areaefficientshorttimefouriertransformprocessorfortimefrequencyanalysisofnonstationarysignals AT yongchuljung areaefficientshorttimefouriertransformprocessorfortimefrequencyanalysisofnonstationarysignals AT seongjoolee areaefficientshorttimefouriertransformprocessorfortimefrequencyanalysisofnonstationarysignals AT yunhojung areaefficientshorttimefouriertransformprocessorfortimefrequencyanalysisofnonstationarysignals |