Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty
The increasing prevalence of older adults with diabetes has become a major social burden. Diabetes, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction are closely related to the mechanisms of aging. Insulin resistance, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be co...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3367 |
| _version_ | 1797549114474364928 |
|---|---|
| author | Yoshiaki Tamura Takuya Omura Kenji Toyoshima Atsushi Araki |
| author_facet | Yoshiaki Tamura Takuya Omura Kenji Toyoshima Atsushi Araki |
| author_sort | Yoshiaki Tamura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing prevalence of older adults with diabetes has become a major social burden. Diabetes, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction are closely related to the mechanisms of aging. Insulin resistance, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be common mechanisms shared by frailty and cognitive impairment. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, obesity, vascular factors, physical inactivity, and malnutrition are important risk factors for cognitive impairment and frailty in older adults with diabetes. The impact of nutrients on health outcomes varies with age; thus, shifting diet therapy strategies from the treatment of obesity/metabolic syndrome to frailty prevention may be necessary in patients with diabetes who are over 75 years of age, have frailty or sarcopenia, and experience malnutrition. For the prevention of frailty, optimal energy intake, sufficient protein and vitamin intake, and healthy dietary patterns should be recommended. The treatment of diabetes after middle age should include the awareness of proper glycemic control aimed at extending healthy life expectancy with proper nutrition, exercise, and social connectivity. Nutritional therapy in combination with exercise, optimal glycemic and metabolic control, and social participation/support for frailty prevention can extend healthy life expectancy and maintain quality of life in older adults with diabetes mellitus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:09:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b23a3a498234be495f2314af060ac38 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:09:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b23a3a498234be495f2314af060ac382023-11-20T19:26:31ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-11-011211336710.3390/nu12113367Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to FrailtyYoshiaki Tamura0Takuya Omura1Kenji Toyoshima2Atsushi Araki3Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanDepartment of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanDepartment of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanDepartment of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanThe increasing prevalence of older adults with diabetes has become a major social burden. Diabetes, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction are closely related to the mechanisms of aging. Insulin resistance, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be common mechanisms shared by frailty and cognitive impairment. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, obesity, vascular factors, physical inactivity, and malnutrition are important risk factors for cognitive impairment and frailty in older adults with diabetes. The impact of nutrients on health outcomes varies with age; thus, shifting diet therapy strategies from the treatment of obesity/metabolic syndrome to frailty prevention may be necessary in patients with diabetes who are over 75 years of age, have frailty or sarcopenia, and experience malnutrition. For the prevention of frailty, optimal energy intake, sufficient protein and vitamin intake, and healthy dietary patterns should be recommended. The treatment of diabetes after middle age should include the awareness of proper glycemic control aimed at extending healthy life expectancy with proper nutrition, exercise, and social connectivity. Nutritional therapy in combination with exercise, optimal glycemic and metabolic control, and social participation/support for frailty prevention can extend healthy life expectancy and maintain quality of life in older adults with diabetes mellitus.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3367diabetes mellitusnutrition managementelderlyfrailtycognitive impairment |
| spellingShingle | Yoshiaki Tamura Takuya Omura Kenji Toyoshima Atsushi Araki Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty Nutrients diabetes mellitus nutrition management elderly frailty cognitive impairment |
| title | Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty |
| title_full | Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty |
| title_fullStr | Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty |
| title_short | Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty |
| title_sort | nutrition management in older adults with diabetes a review on the importance of shifting prevention strategies from metabolic syndrome to frailty |
| topic | diabetes mellitus nutrition management elderly frailty cognitive impairment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3367 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yoshiakitamura nutritionmanagementinolderadultswithdiabetesareviewontheimportanceofshiftingpreventionstrategiesfrommetabolicsyndrometofrailty AT takuyaomura nutritionmanagementinolderadultswithdiabetesareviewontheimportanceofshiftingpreventionstrategiesfrommetabolicsyndrometofrailty AT kenjitoyoshima nutritionmanagementinolderadultswithdiabetesareviewontheimportanceofshiftingpreventionstrategiesfrommetabolicsyndrometofrailty AT atsushiaraki nutritionmanagementinolderadultswithdiabetesareviewontheimportanceofshiftingpreventionstrategiesfrommetabolicsyndrometofrailty |