Characterization of ozone deposition to a mixed oak–hornbeam forest – flux measurements at five levels above and inside the canopy and their interactions with nitric oxide
<p>A 1-month field campaign of ozone (<span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span>) flux measurements along a five-level vertical profile above, inside and below the canopy was run in a mature broadleaf forest of the Po Valley, northern Italy. The study a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/17945/2018/acp-18-17945-2018.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811204677298028544 |
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| author | A. Finco M. Coyle E. Nemitz R. Marzuoli M. Chiesa B. Loubet S. Fares E. Diaz-Pines R. Gasche G. Gerosa |
| author_facet | A. Finco M. Coyle E. Nemitz R. Marzuoli M. Chiesa B. Loubet S. Fares E. Diaz-Pines R. Gasche G. Gerosa |
| author_sort | A. Finco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>A 1-month field campaign of ozone (<span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span>) flux measurements along a
five-level vertical profile above, inside and below the canopy was run in a
mature broadleaf forest of the Po Valley, northern Italy. The study aimed to
characterize <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> flux dynamics and their interactions with
nitrogen oxides (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>) fluxes from the forest soil and the
atmosphere above the canopy. Ozone fluxes measured at the levels above the
canopy were in good agreement, thus confirming the validity of the constant
flux hypothesis, while below-canopy <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> fluxes were lower than
above. However, at the upper canopy edge <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> fluxes were
surprisingly higher than above during the morning hours. This was attributed
to a chemical <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> sink due to a reaction with the nitric oxide (NO)
emitted from soil and deposited from the atmosphere, thus converging at the
top of the canopy. Moreover, this mechanism was favored by the morning
coupling between the forest and the atmosphere, while in the afternoon the
fluxes at the upper canopy edge became similar to those of the levels above
as a consequence of the in-canopy stratification. Nearly 80 % of the
<span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> deposited to the forest ecosystem was removed by the canopy by
stomatal deposition, dry deposition on physical surfaces and by ambient
chemistry reactions (33.3 % by the upper canopy layer and 46.3 % by the
lower canopy layer). Only a minor part of <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> was removed by the
understorey vegetation and the soil surface (2 %), while the remaining
18.2 % was consumed by chemical reaction with NO emitted from soil. The
collected data could be used to improve the <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> risk assessment for
forests and to test the predicting capability of <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> deposition
models. Moreover, these data could help multilayer canopy models to separate
the influence of ambient chemistry vs. <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> dry deposition on the
observed fluxes.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:16:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b261c3994464d96a4de32792719a38d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:16:34Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b261c3994464d96a4de32792719a38d2022-12-22T03:50:04ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242018-12-0118179451796110.5194/acp-18-17945-2018Characterization of ozone deposition to a mixed oak–hornbeam forest – flux measurements at five levels above and inside the canopy and their interactions with nitric oxideA. Finco0M. Coyle1E. Nemitz2R. Marzuoli3M. Chiesa4B. Loubet5S. Fares6E. Diaz-Pines7R. Gasche8G. Gerosa9Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del S. C., Brescia, ItalyCentre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, UKCentre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, UKDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del S. C., Brescia, ItalyDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del S. C., Brescia, ItalyInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, ItalyInstitute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GermanyDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del S. C., Brescia, Italy<p>A 1-month field campaign of ozone (<span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span>) flux measurements along a five-level vertical profile above, inside and below the canopy was run in a mature broadleaf forest of the Po Valley, northern Italy. The study aimed to characterize <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> flux dynamics and their interactions with nitrogen oxides (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>) fluxes from the forest soil and the atmosphere above the canopy. Ozone fluxes measured at the levels above the canopy were in good agreement, thus confirming the validity of the constant flux hypothesis, while below-canopy <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> fluxes were lower than above. However, at the upper canopy edge <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> fluxes were surprisingly higher than above during the morning hours. This was attributed to a chemical <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> sink due to a reaction with the nitric oxide (NO) emitted from soil and deposited from the atmosphere, thus converging at the top of the canopy. Moreover, this mechanism was favored by the morning coupling between the forest and the atmosphere, while in the afternoon the fluxes at the upper canopy edge became similar to those of the levels above as a consequence of the in-canopy stratification. Nearly 80 % of the <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> deposited to the forest ecosystem was removed by the canopy by stomatal deposition, dry deposition on physical surfaces and by ambient chemistry reactions (33.3 % by the upper canopy layer and 46.3 % by the lower canopy layer). Only a minor part of <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> was removed by the understorey vegetation and the soil surface (2 %), while the remaining 18.2 % was consumed by chemical reaction with NO emitted from soil. The collected data could be used to improve the <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> risk assessment for forests and to test the predicting capability of <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> deposition models. Moreover, these data could help multilayer canopy models to separate the influence of ambient chemistry vs. <span class="inline-formula">O<sub>3</sub></span> dry deposition on the observed fluxes.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/17945/2018/acp-18-17945-2018.pdf |
| spellingShingle | A. Finco M. Coyle E. Nemitz R. Marzuoli M. Chiesa B. Loubet S. Fares E. Diaz-Pines R. Gasche G. Gerosa Characterization of ozone deposition to a mixed oak–hornbeam forest – flux measurements at five levels above and inside the canopy and their interactions with nitric oxide Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Characterization of ozone deposition to a mixed oak–hornbeam forest – flux measurements at five levels above and inside the canopy and their interactions with nitric oxide |
| title_full | Characterization of ozone deposition to a mixed oak–hornbeam forest – flux measurements at five levels above and inside the canopy and their interactions with nitric oxide |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of ozone deposition to a mixed oak–hornbeam forest – flux measurements at five levels above and inside the canopy and their interactions with nitric oxide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of ozone deposition to a mixed oak–hornbeam forest – flux measurements at five levels above and inside the canopy and their interactions with nitric oxide |
| title_short | Characterization of ozone deposition to a mixed oak–hornbeam forest – flux measurements at five levels above and inside the canopy and their interactions with nitric oxide |
| title_sort | characterization of ozone deposition to a mixed oak hornbeam forest flux measurements at five levels above and inside the canopy and their interactions with nitric oxide |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/17945/2018/acp-18-17945-2018.pdf |
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