Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and Increased N Intensify Competition between Two Invasive Annual Plants in China
As multiple invaders often co-occur, understanding the interactions between different invasive species is important. Previous studies have reported on invasional meltdown and neutral and interference relationships between invasive species. However, interspecific interactions may vary with environmen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/10/1669 |
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| author | Caiyun Zhao Xiangjian Zhao Junsheng Li |
| author_facet | Caiyun Zhao Xiangjian Zhao Junsheng Li |
| author_sort | Caiyun Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As multiple invaders often co-occur, understanding the interactions between different invasive species is important. Previous studies have reported on invasional meltdown and neutral and interference relationships between invasive species. However, interspecific interactions may vary with environmental change owing to the different responses of interacting invaders. To better understand the interaction of notorious invasive alien plants under CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment and N deposition, the growth characteristics of common ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>) and redroot pigweed (<i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i>) were studied when they were planted in monoculture (4Rag and 4Pig) or mixture (1Rag:3Pig, 2Rag:2Pig, 3Rag:1Pig) under four environmental treatments: elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, increased N, elevated CO<sub>2</sub> + increased N and a control. Increased N positively affected almost all the traits (basal stem diameter, height, shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass) of common ragweed, except for branch number and root-shoot ratio. But increased N only promoted redroot pigweed’s height and basal stem diameter. interspecific competition promoted basal stem diameter and number of branches but decreased root biomass of common ragweed, and the basal stem diameter was significantly higher in 1Rag:3Pig and 2Rag:2Pig compared to the other two treatments. interspecific competition inhibited almost all the characteristics of redroot pigweed. The interaction between elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and increased N also increased the biomass characteristics (shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass) of common ragweed. However, elevated CO<sub>2</sub> inhibited the root biomass of redroot pigweed. The results indicated that common ragweed was a superior competitor under conditions of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and increased N. Moreover, environmental change might strengthen the super-invasive plant common ragweed’s competitive ability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:55:11Z |
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| id | doaj.art-8b394c614d6d4ad98fb312ba0bf6c6b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:55:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b394c614d6d4ad98fb312ba0bf6c6b52023-11-24T00:58:11ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-10-011210166910.3390/life12101669Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and Increased N Intensify Competition between Two Invasive Annual Plants in ChinaCaiyun Zhao0Xiangjian Zhao1Junsheng Li2State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaChina National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment, Beijing 100062, ChinaCommand Center for Comprehensive Survey of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey Bureau, Beijing 100055, ChinaAs multiple invaders often co-occur, understanding the interactions between different invasive species is important. Previous studies have reported on invasional meltdown and neutral and interference relationships between invasive species. However, interspecific interactions may vary with environmental change owing to the different responses of interacting invaders. To better understand the interaction of notorious invasive alien plants under CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment and N deposition, the growth characteristics of common ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>) and redroot pigweed (<i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i>) were studied when they were planted in monoculture (4Rag and 4Pig) or mixture (1Rag:3Pig, 2Rag:2Pig, 3Rag:1Pig) under four environmental treatments: elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, increased N, elevated CO<sub>2</sub> + increased N and a control. Increased N positively affected almost all the traits (basal stem diameter, height, shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass) of common ragweed, except for branch number and root-shoot ratio. But increased N only promoted redroot pigweed’s height and basal stem diameter. interspecific competition promoted basal stem diameter and number of branches but decreased root biomass of common ragweed, and the basal stem diameter was significantly higher in 1Rag:3Pig and 2Rag:2Pig compared to the other two treatments. interspecific competition inhibited almost all the characteristics of redroot pigweed. The interaction between elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and increased N also increased the biomass characteristics (shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass) of common ragweed. However, elevated CO<sub>2</sub> inhibited the root biomass of redroot pigweed. The results indicated that common ragweed was a superior competitor under conditions of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and increased N. Moreover, environmental change might strengthen the super-invasive plant common ragweed’s competitive ability.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/10/1669elevated CO<sub>2</sub>increased Ncommon ragweedredroot pigweedinvasional interferenceinterspecific competition |
| spellingShingle | Caiyun Zhao Xiangjian Zhao Junsheng Li Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and Increased N Intensify Competition between Two Invasive Annual Plants in China Life elevated CO<sub>2</sub> increased N common ragweed redroot pigweed invasional interference interspecific competition |
| title | Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and Increased N Intensify Competition between Two Invasive Annual Plants in China |
| title_full | Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and Increased N Intensify Competition between Two Invasive Annual Plants in China |
| title_fullStr | Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and Increased N Intensify Competition between Two Invasive Annual Plants in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and Increased N Intensify Competition between Two Invasive Annual Plants in China |
| title_short | Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and Increased N Intensify Competition between Two Invasive Annual Plants in China |
| title_sort | elevated co sub 2 sub and increased n intensify competition between two invasive annual plants in china |
| topic | elevated CO<sub>2</sub> increased N common ragweed redroot pigweed invasional interference interspecific competition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/10/1669 |
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