Poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.) Intercropping with Spring Barley and with White Clover: Benefits and Competitive Effects
Poppy seed production is susceptible to abiotic and biotic stress and weed infestation, which introduces the risk of total crop failure. For the purpose of risk minimization, poppy was grown in additive intercropping systems with early and late sown white clover and spring barley sown at three diffe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/948 |
| _version_ | 1797534601889972224 |
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| author | Katharina Luhmer Hanna Blum Thorsten Kraska Thomas Döring Ralf Pude |
| author_facet | Katharina Luhmer Hanna Blum Thorsten Kraska Thomas Döring Ralf Pude |
| author_sort | Katharina Luhmer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Poppy seed production is susceptible to abiotic and biotic stress and weed infestation, which introduces the risk of total crop failure. For the purpose of risk minimization, poppy was grown in additive intercropping systems with early and late sown white clover and spring barley sown at three different densities in a three year field trial to assess their roles in poppy cropping while adding ecological benefits to the crop rotation. Poppy yielded between 798.7 and 1293.1 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, with no significant yield effects of intercropping with white clover, compared to poppy sole-cropping. Dry matter, height, leaf area index and C/N ratio of the poppy plants were not significantly impacted by the clover intercrop either, independent on its sowing date. Higher poppy yields (695.6–918.8 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) and LERs (1.11–1.84) in the poppy–barley intercrop were achieved in 2018 and 2020 compared to 2019 (≤361.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, LER ≤ 0.99), mainly due to differences in seeding dates, precipitation and nutrient availability. Therefore, previous seeding of poppy limits competition when intercropped with barley while white clover and poppy can be sown at the same time. The effect of barley seeding densities on the intercrop performance was small as was the influence of intercropping on weed cover, number and biomass. The weed regulating effect needs to be further examined, however, we conclude that intercropping of poppy is a promising strategy for its cultivation, in terms of minimizing the risk of total yield losses when precisely managed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:32:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b42596333074d0eaf5adb4755ae6677 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:32:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b42596333074d0eaf5adb4755ae66772023-11-21T19:08:18ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-05-0111594810.3390/agronomy11050948Poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.) Intercropping with Spring Barley and with White Clover: Benefits and Competitive EffectsKatharina Luhmer0Hanna Blum1Thorsten Kraska2Thomas Döring3Ralf Pude4Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation—Renewable Resources, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, 53359 Rheinbach, GermanyInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation—Renewable Resources, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, 53359 Rheinbach, GermanyInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation—Renewable Resources, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, 53359 Rheinbach, GermanyInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation—Agroecology and Organic Farming, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 6, 53121 Bonn, GermanyInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation—Renewable Resources, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, 53359 Rheinbach, GermanyPoppy seed production is susceptible to abiotic and biotic stress and weed infestation, which introduces the risk of total crop failure. For the purpose of risk minimization, poppy was grown in additive intercropping systems with early and late sown white clover and spring barley sown at three different densities in a three year field trial to assess their roles in poppy cropping while adding ecological benefits to the crop rotation. Poppy yielded between 798.7 and 1293.1 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, with no significant yield effects of intercropping with white clover, compared to poppy sole-cropping. Dry matter, height, leaf area index and C/N ratio of the poppy plants were not significantly impacted by the clover intercrop either, independent on its sowing date. Higher poppy yields (695.6–918.8 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) and LERs (1.11–1.84) in the poppy–barley intercrop were achieved in 2018 and 2020 compared to 2019 (≤361.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, LER ≤ 0.99), mainly due to differences in seeding dates, precipitation and nutrient availability. Therefore, previous seeding of poppy limits competition when intercropped with barley while white clover and poppy can be sown at the same time. The effect of barley seeding densities on the intercrop performance was small as was the influence of intercropping on weed cover, number and biomass. The weed regulating effect needs to be further examined, however, we conclude that intercropping of poppy is a promising strategy for its cultivation, in terms of minimizing the risk of total yield losses when precisely managed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/948<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.mixed croppingpolycultureweedscompetition |
| spellingShingle | Katharina Luhmer Hanna Blum Thorsten Kraska Thomas Döring Ralf Pude Poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.) Intercropping with Spring Barley and with White Clover: Benefits and Competitive Effects Agronomy <i>Papaver somniferum</i> L. mixed cropping polyculture weeds competition |
| title | Poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.) Intercropping with Spring Barley and with White Clover: Benefits and Competitive Effects |
| title_full | Poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.) Intercropping with Spring Barley and with White Clover: Benefits and Competitive Effects |
| title_fullStr | Poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.) Intercropping with Spring Barley and with White Clover: Benefits and Competitive Effects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.) Intercropping with Spring Barley and with White Clover: Benefits and Competitive Effects |
| title_short | Poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i> L.) Intercropping with Spring Barley and with White Clover: Benefits and Competitive Effects |
| title_sort | poppy i papaver somniferum i l intercropping with spring barley and with white clover benefits and competitive effects |
| topic | <i>Papaver somniferum</i> L. mixed cropping polyculture weeds competition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/948 |
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