Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.)
Insect antennae are important mechanosensory and chemosensory organs. Insect appendages, such as antennae, are encased in a cuticular exoskeleton and are thought to bend only between segments or subsegments where the cuticle is thinner, more flexible, or bent into a fold. There is a growing apprecia...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2014.00242/full |
| _version_ | 1818853471266275328 |
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| author | Catherine eLoudon Jorge eBustamante Derek W. Kellogg Derek W. Kellogg |
| author_facet | Catherine eLoudon Jorge eBustamante Derek W. Kellogg Derek W. Kellogg |
| author_sort | Catherine eLoudon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Insect antennae are important mechanosensory and chemosensory organs. Insect appendages, such as antennae, are encased in a cuticular exoskeleton and are thought to bend only between segments or subsegments where the cuticle is thinner, more flexible, or bent into a fold. There is a growing appreciation of the dominating influence of folds in the mechanical behavior of a structure, and the bending of cricket antennae was considered in this context. Antennae will bend or deflect in response to forces, and the resulting bending behavior will affect the sensory input of the antennae. In some cricket antennae, such as in those of Acheta domesticus, there are a large number (>100) of subsegments (flagellomeres) that vary in their length. We evaluated whether these antennae bend only at the joints between flagellomeres, which has always been assumed but not tested. In addition we questioned whether an antenna undergoes a length change as it bends, which would result from some patterns of joint deformation. Measurements using light microscopy and SEM were conducted on both male and female adult crickets (Acheta domesticus) with bending in four different directions: dorsal, ventral, medial and lateral. Bending occurred only at the joints between flagellomeres, and antennae shortened a comparable amount during bending, regardless of sex or bending direction. The cuticular folds separating antennal flagellomeres are not very deep, and therefore as an antenna bends, the convex side (in tension) does not have a lot of slack cuticle to unfold and does not lengthen during bending. Simultaneously on the other side of the antenna, on the concave side in compression, there is an increasing overlap in the folded cuticle of the joints during bending. Antennal shortening during bending would prevent stretching of antennal nerves and may promote hemolymph exchange between the antenna and head. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T07:37:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b44836ebd4043fea978e29e3ae5fbca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T07:37:20Z |
| publishDate | 2014-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b44836ebd4043fea978e29e3ae5fbca2022-12-21T20:30:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2014-06-01510.3389/fphys.2014.0024292085Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.)Catherine eLoudon0Jorge eBustamante1Derek W. Kellogg2Derek W. Kellogg3University of California at IrvineUniversity of California at IrvineUniversity of KansasScience Museum of Western VirginiaInsect antennae are important mechanosensory and chemosensory organs. Insect appendages, such as antennae, are encased in a cuticular exoskeleton and are thought to bend only between segments or subsegments where the cuticle is thinner, more flexible, or bent into a fold. There is a growing appreciation of the dominating influence of folds in the mechanical behavior of a structure, and the bending of cricket antennae was considered in this context. Antennae will bend or deflect in response to forces, and the resulting bending behavior will affect the sensory input of the antennae. In some cricket antennae, such as in those of Acheta domesticus, there are a large number (>100) of subsegments (flagellomeres) that vary in their length. We evaluated whether these antennae bend only at the joints between flagellomeres, which has always been assumed but not tested. In addition we questioned whether an antenna undergoes a length change as it bends, which would result from some patterns of joint deformation. Measurements using light microscopy and SEM were conducted on both male and female adult crickets (Acheta domesticus) with bending in four different directions: dorsal, ventral, medial and lateral. Bending occurred only at the joints between flagellomeres, and antennae shortened a comparable amount during bending, regardless of sex or bending direction. The cuticular folds separating antennal flagellomeres are not very deep, and therefore as an antenna bends, the convex side (in tension) does not have a lot of slack cuticle to unfold and does not lengthen during bending. Simultaneously on the other side of the antenna, on the concave side in compression, there is an increasing overlap in the folded cuticle of the joints during bending. Antennal shortening during bending would prevent stretching of antennal nerves and may promote hemolymph exchange between the antenna and head.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2014.00242/fullcricketinsectcuticleantennabendingAcheta domesticus |
| spellingShingle | Catherine eLoudon Jorge eBustamante Derek W. Kellogg Derek W. Kellogg Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.) Frontiers in Physiology cricket insect cuticle antenna bending Acheta domesticus |
| title | Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.) |
| title_full | Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.) |
| title_fullStr | Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.) |
| title_short | Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.) |
| title_sort | cricket antennae shorten when bending acheta domesticus l |
| topic | cricket insect cuticle antenna bending Acheta domesticus |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2014.00242/full |
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