Tonga volcanic eruption and tsunami, January 2022: globally the most significant opportunity to observe an explosive and tsunamigenic submarine eruption since AD 1883 Krakatau
Abstract January 2022 witnessed the violent eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai submarine volcano in the South Pacific. With a volcanic explosivity index possibly equivalent to VEI 5, this represents the largest seaborne eruption for nearly one and a half centuries since Indonesia’s cataclysmic ex...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Geoscience Letters |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-022-00232-z |
| _version_ | 1818470883644145664 |
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| author | James P. Terry James Goff Nigel Winspear Vena Pearl Bongolan Scott Fisher |
| author_facet | James P. Terry James Goff Nigel Winspear Vena Pearl Bongolan Scott Fisher |
| author_sort | James P. Terry |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract January 2022 witnessed the violent eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai submarine volcano in the South Pacific. With a volcanic explosivity index possibly equivalent to VEI 5, this represents the largest seaborne eruption for nearly one and a half centuries since Indonesia’s cataclysmic explosion of Krakatau in AD 1883. The Tongan eruption remarkably produced ocean-wide tsunamis, never documented before in the Pacific instrumental record. Volcanically generated tsunamis have been referred to as a ‘blind spot’ in our understanding of tsunami hazards, particularly in the Pacific Ocean. This event therefore presents a unique opportunity for investigating the multiple processes contributing to volcanic tsunamigenesis. It is argued that, although challenges exist, integrating theoretical, observational, field and modelling techniques offers the best approach to improving volcanic tsunami hazard assessment across Oceania. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:43:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b50c30e806d4afc8f6037c5adec2f8a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2196-4092 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:43:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geoscience Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b50c30e806d4afc8f6037c5adec2f8a2022-12-22T02:28:40ZengSpringerOpenGeoscience Letters2196-40922022-06-019111110.1186/s40562-022-00232-zTonga volcanic eruption and tsunami, January 2022: globally the most significant opportunity to observe an explosive and tsunamigenic submarine eruption since AD 1883 KrakatauJames P. Terry0James Goff1Nigel Winspear2Vena Pearl Bongolan3Scott Fisher4College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed UniversitySchool of Ocean and Earth Science, University of SouthamptonCATRISX Services LtdThe University of the PhilippinesHawai‘i Land TrustAbstract January 2022 witnessed the violent eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai submarine volcano in the South Pacific. With a volcanic explosivity index possibly equivalent to VEI 5, this represents the largest seaborne eruption for nearly one and a half centuries since Indonesia’s cataclysmic explosion of Krakatau in AD 1883. The Tongan eruption remarkably produced ocean-wide tsunamis, never documented before in the Pacific instrumental record. Volcanically generated tsunamis have been referred to as a ‘blind spot’ in our understanding of tsunami hazards, particularly in the Pacific Ocean. This event therefore presents a unique opportunity for investigating the multiple processes contributing to volcanic tsunamigenesis. It is argued that, although challenges exist, integrating theoretical, observational, field and modelling techniques offers the best approach to improving volcanic tsunami hazard assessment across Oceania.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-022-00232-z |
| spellingShingle | James P. Terry James Goff Nigel Winspear Vena Pearl Bongolan Scott Fisher Tonga volcanic eruption and tsunami, January 2022: globally the most significant opportunity to observe an explosive and tsunamigenic submarine eruption since AD 1883 Krakatau Geoscience Letters |
| title | Tonga volcanic eruption and tsunami, January 2022: globally the most significant opportunity to observe an explosive and tsunamigenic submarine eruption since AD 1883 Krakatau |
| title_full | Tonga volcanic eruption and tsunami, January 2022: globally the most significant opportunity to observe an explosive and tsunamigenic submarine eruption since AD 1883 Krakatau |
| title_fullStr | Tonga volcanic eruption and tsunami, January 2022: globally the most significant opportunity to observe an explosive and tsunamigenic submarine eruption since AD 1883 Krakatau |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tonga volcanic eruption and tsunami, January 2022: globally the most significant opportunity to observe an explosive and tsunamigenic submarine eruption since AD 1883 Krakatau |
| title_short | Tonga volcanic eruption and tsunami, January 2022: globally the most significant opportunity to observe an explosive and tsunamigenic submarine eruption since AD 1883 Krakatau |
| title_sort | tonga volcanic eruption and tsunami january 2022 globally the most significant opportunity to observe an explosive and tsunamigenic submarine eruption since ad 1883 krakatau |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-022-00232-z |
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