Improved Nutrient Management Practices for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Wheat under Mid-Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
Two-year field experiments were conducted to study the effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers, farmyard manure (FYM), and bio-inoculants on wheat productivity and profitability. Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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author | Hanuman Prasad Parewa Janardan Yadav Vijay Singh Meena Deepranjan Sarkar Sunita Kumari Meena Amitava Rakshit Rahul Datta |
author_facet | Hanuman Prasad Parewa Janardan Yadav Vijay Singh Meena Deepranjan Sarkar Sunita Kumari Meena Amitava Rakshit Rahul Datta |
author_sort | Hanuman Prasad Parewa |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Two-year field experiments were conducted to study the effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers, farmyard manure (FYM), and bio-inoculants on wheat productivity and profitability. Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat. Data suggested that the aggregate levels of fertilizer up to 100% NPK ha<sup>−1</sup> resulted in significant increases in all growth attributes, grain yield (+206%), straw yield (+177%), and harvest index (+7%) as compared to control. Meanwhile, plots with the application of 10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> FYM significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased grain yield (+26%) and straw yield (+22%) as compared to the control. Similarly, significant enhancement in grain and straw yields was observed with the application of PGPR + VAM over no-inoculation. Results showed that the significantly higher grain and straw yield attained by application of 75% NPK fertilizer + 10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> FYM was at par with the application of 100% NPK fertilizer alone. Further, net returns (profitability) and B:C ratio (2.37) were significantly higher with fertilization with 75% NPK + 10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> FYM along with PGPR + VAM as compared to 100% NPK alone. Overall, it can be concluded that the combination of 75% NPK and 10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> FYM along with PGPR + VAM represented the optimum for net return and B:C ratio and reduced (25%) dose of NPK as compared to the rest of the treatment combinations. |
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spelling | doaj.art-8b5526b39d4f46d5b79118c232f6e0aa2023-11-23T14:34:30ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-09-01129147210.3390/agriculture12091472Improved Nutrient Management Practices for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Wheat under Mid-Indo-Gangetic Plains of IndiaHanuman Prasad Parewa0Janardan Yadav1Vijay Singh Meena2Deepranjan Sarkar3Sunita Kumari Meena4Amitava Rakshit5Rahul Datta6Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, IndiaDepartment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, IndiaICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (ICAR-VPKAS), Almora 263601, IndiaDepartment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, IndiaDepartment of Soil Science, Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur 848125, IndiaDepartment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, IndiaDepartment of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech RepublicTwo-year field experiments were conducted to study the effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers, farmyard manure (FYM), and bio-inoculants on wheat productivity and profitability. Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat. Data suggested that the aggregate levels of fertilizer up to 100% NPK ha<sup>−1</sup> resulted in significant increases in all growth attributes, grain yield (+206%), straw yield (+177%), and harvest index (+7%) as compared to control. Meanwhile, plots with the application of 10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> FYM significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased grain yield (+26%) and straw yield (+22%) as compared to the control. Similarly, significant enhancement in grain and straw yields was observed with the application of PGPR + VAM over no-inoculation. Results showed that the significantly higher grain and straw yield attained by application of 75% NPK fertilizer + 10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> FYM was at par with the application of 100% NPK fertilizer alone. Further, net returns (profitability) and B:C ratio (2.37) were significantly higher with fertilization with 75% NPK + 10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> FYM along with PGPR + VAM as compared to 100% NPK alone. Overall, it can be concluded that the combination of 75% NPK and 10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> FYM along with PGPR + VAM represented the optimum for net return and B:C ratio and reduced (25%) dose of NPK as compared to the rest of the treatment combinations.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1472fertilizer levelsFYMbio-inoculantsnutrient uptakewheat |
spellingShingle | Hanuman Prasad Parewa Janardan Yadav Vijay Singh Meena Deepranjan Sarkar Sunita Kumari Meena Amitava Rakshit Rahul Datta Improved Nutrient Management Practices for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Wheat under Mid-Indo-Gangetic Plains of India Agriculture fertilizer levels FYM bio-inoculants nutrient uptake wheat |
title | Improved Nutrient Management Practices for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Wheat under Mid-Indo-Gangetic Plains of India |
title_full | Improved Nutrient Management Practices for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Wheat under Mid-Indo-Gangetic Plains of India |
title_fullStr | Improved Nutrient Management Practices for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Wheat under Mid-Indo-Gangetic Plains of India |
title_full_unstemmed | Improved Nutrient Management Practices for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Wheat under Mid-Indo-Gangetic Plains of India |
title_short | Improved Nutrient Management Practices for Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Wheat under Mid-Indo-Gangetic Plains of India |
title_sort | improved nutrient management practices for enhancing productivity and profitability of wheat under mid indo gangetic plains of india |
topic | fertilizer levels FYM bio-inoculants nutrient uptake wheat |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1472 |
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