Perspective of HLA-G Induced Immunosuppression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has threatened public health worldwide. Host antiviral immune responses are essential for viral clearance and disease control, however, remarkably decreased immune cell numbers and exhaustion of host cellul...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.788769/full |
| _version_ | 1818723546073923584 |
|---|---|
| author | Aifen Lin Aifen Lin Wei-Hua Yan Wei-Hua Yan |
| author_facet | Aifen Lin Aifen Lin Wei-Hua Yan Wei-Hua Yan |
| author_sort | Aifen Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has threatened public health worldwide. Host antiviral immune responses are essential for viral clearance and disease control, however, remarkably decreased immune cell numbers and exhaustion of host cellular immune responses are commonly observed in patients with COVID-19. This is of concern as it is closely associated with disease severity and poor outcomes. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a ligand for multiple immune inhibitory receptors, whose expression can be upregulated by viral infections. HLA-G/receptor signalling, such as engagement with immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT-2) or ILT-4, not only inhibit T and natural killer (NK) cell immune responses, dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and B cell antibody production. It also induces regulatory cells such as myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), or M2 type macrophages. Moreover, HLA-G interaction with CD8 and killer inhibitory receptor (KIR) 2DL4 can provoke T cell apoptosis and NK cell senescence. In this context, HLA-G can induce profound immune suppression, which favours the escape of SARS-CoV-2 from immune attack. Although detailed knowledge on the clinical relevance of HLA-G in SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited, we herein review the immunopathological aspects of HLA-G/receptor signalling in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which could provide a better understanding of COVID-19 disease progression and identify potential immunointerventions to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:12:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b59a77abbb145efbbef9165d057a418 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:12:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b59a77abbb145efbbef9165d057a4182022-12-21T21:32:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-12-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.788769788769Perspective of HLA-G Induced Immunosuppression in SARS-CoV-2 InfectionAifen Lin0Aifen Lin1Wei-Hua Yan2Wei-Hua Yan3Biological Resource Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, ChinaKey Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, ChinaKey Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, ChinaMedical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, ChinaCOVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has threatened public health worldwide. Host antiviral immune responses are essential for viral clearance and disease control, however, remarkably decreased immune cell numbers and exhaustion of host cellular immune responses are commonly observed in patients with COVID-19. This is of concern as it is closely associated with disease severity and poor outcomes. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a ligand for multiple immune inhibitory receptors, whose expression can be upregulated by viral infections. HLA-G/receptor signalling, such as engagement with immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT-2) or ILT-4, not only inhibit T and natural killer (NK) cell immune responses, dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and B cell antibody production. It also induces regulatory cells such as myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), or M2 type macrophages. Moreover, HLA-G interaction with CD8 and killer inhibitory receptor (KIR) 2DL4 can provoke T cell apoptosis and NK cell senescence. In this context, HLA-G can induce profound immune suppression, which favours the escape of SARS-CoV-2 from immune attack. Although detailed knowledge on the clinical relevance of HLA-G in SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited, we herein review the immunopathological aspects of HLA-G/receptor signalling in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which could provide a better understanding of COVID-19 disease progression and identify potential immunointerventions to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.788769/fullHLA-Gimmune receptorSARS-CoV-2COVID-19immune suppression |
| spellingShingle | Aifen Lin Aifen Lin Wei-Hua Yan Wei-Hua Yan Perspective of HLA-G Induced Immunosuppression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Frontiers in Immunology HLA-G immune receptor SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 immune suppression |
| title | Perspective of HLA-G Induced Immunosuppression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
| title_full | Perspective of HLA-G Induced Immunosuppression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
| title_fullStr | Perspective of HLA-G Induced Immunosuppression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perspective of HLA-G Induced Immunosuppression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
| title_short | Perspective of HLA-G Induced Immunosuppression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
| title_sort | perspective of hla g induced immunosuppression in sars cov 2 infection |
| topic | HLA-G immune receptor SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 immune suppression |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.788769/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aifenlin perspectiveofhlaginducedimmunosuppressioninsarscov2infection AT aifenlin perspectiveofhlaginducedimmunosuppressioninsarscov2infection AT weihuayan perspectiveofhlaginducedimmunosuppressioninsarscov2infection AT weihuayan perspectiveofhlaginducedimmunosuppressioninsarscov2infection |