Spatial Distribution and Inter-City Transport of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations from Vehicles in the Guanzhong Plain in Winter
Regional atmospheric environmental problems have become increasingly prominent due to continuous urbanization in China. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the California Puff (CALPUFF) air quality model was applied to analyze the spatial distribution and int...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/12/1748 |
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| author | Pan Lu Abula Tuheti Shunxi Deng Guanghua Li Jiayao Liu |
| author_facet | Pan Lu Abula Tuheti Shunxi Deng Guanghua Li Jiayao Liu |
| author_sort | Pan Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Regional atmospheric environmental problems have become increasingly prominent due to continuous urbanization in China. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the California Puff (CALPUFF) air quality model was applied to analyze the spatial distribution and inter-city transport of primary and secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations from vehicles in the Guanzhong Plain (GZP) in January 2019. The results show that the secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration emitted by vehicles was more easily dispersed than primary PM<sub>2.5</sub>. The maximum hourly average concentrations of primary PM<sub>2.5</sub>, secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were about 18, 9, and 2 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Exhaust emission and secondary NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> were the main contributors to the total PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration from vehicles, accounting for about 52% and 32%, respectively. The maximum contribution of vehicle emissions to the ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration was about 19%. Inter-city transport contributed about 33% of the total PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration from vehicles in cities in the GZP on average. Among the PM<sub>2.5</sub> components transported in each city, SIA was the most abundant, followed by primary PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and SOA was the least. These findings will provide valuable insights for mitigating the regional PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution caused by near-surface sources in urban agglomerations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:00:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b70d15e950b40f3a49715939303eb4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:00:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b70d15e950b40f3a49715939303eb4c2023-12-22T13:52:44ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-11-011412174810.3390/atmos14121748Spatial Distribution and Inter-City Transport of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations from Vehicles in the Guanzhong Plain in WinterPan Lu0Abula Tuheti1Shunxi Deng2Guanghua Li3Jiayao Liu4School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaRegional atmospheric environmental problems have become increasingly prominent due to continuous urbanization in China. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the California Puff (CALPUFF) air quality model was applied to analyze the spatial distribution and inter-city transport of primary and secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations from vehicles in the Guanzhong Plain (GZP) in January 2019. The results show that the secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration emitted by vehicles was more easily dispersed than primary PM<sub>2.5</sub>. The maximum hourly average concentrations of primary PM<sub>2.5</sub>, secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were about 18, 9, and 2 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Exhaust emission and secondary NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> were the main contributors to the total PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration from vehicles, accounting for about 52% and 32%, respectively. The maximum contribution of vehicle emissions to the ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration was about 19%. Inter-city transport contributed about 33% of the total PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration from vehicles in cities in the GZP on average. Among the PM<sub>2.5</sub> components transported in each city, SIA was the most abundant, followed by primary PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and SOA was the least. These findings will provide valuable insights for mitigating the regional PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution caused by near-surface sources in urban agglomerations.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/12/1748PM<sub>2.5</sub>vehicle emissionsinter-city transportMOVESCALPUFF |
| spellingShingle | Pan Lu Abula Tuheti Shunxi Deng Guanghua Li Jiayao Liu Spatial Distribution and Inter-City Transport of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations from Vehicles in the Guanzhong Plain in Winter Atmosphere PM<sub>2.5</sub> vehicle emissions inter-city transport MOVES CALPUFF |
| title | Spatial Distribution and Inter-City Transport of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations from Vehicles in the Guanzhong Plain in Winter |
| title_full | Spatial Distribution and Inter-City Transport of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations from Vehicles in the Guanzhong Plain in Winter |
| title_fullStr | Spatial Distribution and Inter-City Transport of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations from Vehicles in the Guanzhong Plain in Winter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial Distribution and Inter-City Transport of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations from Vehicles in the Guanzhong Plain in Winter |
| title_short | Spatial Distribution and Inter-City Transport of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations from Vehicles in the Guanzhong Plain in Winter |
| title_sort | spatial distribution and inter city transport of pm sub 2 5 sub concentrations from vehicles in the guanzhong plain in winter |
| topic | PM<sub>2.5</sub> vehicle emissions inter-city transport MOVES CALPUFF |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/12/1748 |
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