Construction of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> on Carbon Fibers Modified with Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrafast Flexible Supercapacitors in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes with Wide Voltage Windows
In this study, α-MnO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanomaterials are prepared on a carbon fiber modified with carbon nanotubes to produce the nonbinder core–shell positive (α-MnO<sub>2</sub>@CNTs/CC) and negative (Fe<sub>2</sub&g...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/12/2020 |
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| author | Mai Li Kailan Zhu Hanxue Zhao Zheyi Meng Chunrui Wang Paul K. Chu |
| author_facet | Mai Li Kailan Zhu Hanxue Zhao Zheyi Meng Chunrui Wang Paul K. Chu |
| author_sort | Mai Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, α-MnO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanomaterials are prepared on a carbon fiber modified with carbon nanotubes to produce the nonbinder core–shell positive (α-MnO<sub>2</sub>@CNTs/CC) and negative (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@CNTs/CC) electrodes that can be operated in a wide voltage window in ultrafast asymmetrical flexible supercapacitors. MnO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> have attracted wide research interests as electrode materials in energy storage applications because of the abundant natural resources, high theoretical specific capacities, environmental friendliness, and low cost. The electrochemical performance of each electrode is assessed in 1 M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and the energy storage properties of the supercapacitors consisting of the two composite electrodes are determined in Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and EMImBF4 electrolytes in the 2 V and 4 V windows. The 2 V supercapacitor can withstand a large scanning rate of 5000 mV S<sup>−1</sup> without obvious changes in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves, besides showing a maximum energy density of 57.29 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 833.35 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the supercapacitor retains 87.06% of the capacity after 20,000 galvanostatic charging and discharging (GCD) cycles. The 4 V flexible supercapacitor shows a discharging time of 1260 s and specific capacitance of 124.8 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current of 0.5 mA and retains 87.77% of the initial specific capacitance after 5000 GCD cycles. The mechanical robustness and practicality are demonstrated by physical bending and the powering of LED arrays. In addition, the contributions of the active materials to the capacitive properties and the underlying mechanisms are explored and discussed |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:53:21Z |
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| id | doaj.art-8b764594b0e047b5a660675c6171cd9e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:53:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b764594b0e047b5a660675c6171cd9e2023-11-23T18:16:12ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-06-011212202010.3390/nano12122020Construction of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> on Carbon Fibers Modified with Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrafast Flexible Supercapacitors in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes with Wide Voltage WindowsMai Li0Kailan Zhu1Hanxue Zhao2Zheyi Meng3Chunrui Wang4Paul K. Chu5College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaCollege of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaCollege of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaCollege of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaDepartment of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, ChinaIn this study, α-MnO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanomaterials are prepared on a carbon fiber modified with carbon nanotubes to produce the nonbinder core–shell positive (α-MnO<sub>2</sub>@CNTs/CC) and negative (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@CNTs/CC) electrodes that can be operated in a wide voltage window in ultrafast asymmetrical flexible supercapacitors. MnO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> have attracted wide research interests as electrode materials in energy storage applications because of the abundant natural resources, high theoretical specific capacities, environmental friendliness, and low cost. The electrochemical performance of each electrode is assessed in 1 M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and the energy storage properties of the supercapacitors consisting of the two composite electrodes are determined in Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and EMImBF4 electrolytes in the 2 V and 4 V windows. The 2 V supercapacitor can withstand a large scanning rate of 5000 mV S<sup>−1</sup> without obvious changes in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves, besides showing a maximum energy density of 57.29 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 833.35 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the supercapacitor retains 87.06% of the capacity after 20,000 galvanostatic charging and discharging (GCD) cycles. The 4 V flexible supercapacitor shows a discharging time of 1260 s and specific capacitance of 124.8 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current of 0.5 mA and retains 87.77% of the initial specific capacitance after 5000 GCD cycles. The mechanical robustness and practicality are demonstrated by physical bending and the powering of LED arrays. In addition, the contributions of the active materials to the capacitive properties and the underlying mechanisms are explored and discussedhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/12/2020carbon nanotubescomposite materialsmanganese dioxideflexible supercapacitorsionic electrolytes |
| spellingShingle | Mai Li Kailan Zhu Hanxue Zhao Zheyi Meng Chunrui Wang Paul K. Chu Construction of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> on Carbon Fibers Modified with Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrafast Flexible Supercapacitors in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes with Wide Voltage Windows Nanomaterials carbon nanotubes composite materials manganese dioxide flexible supercapacitors ionic electrolytes |
| title | Construction of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> on Carbon Fibers Modified with Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrafast Flexible Supercapacitors in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes with Wide Voltage Windows |
| title_full | Construction of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> on Carbon Fibers Modified with Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrafast Flexible Supercapacitors in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes with Wide Voltage Windows |
| title_fullStr | Construction of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> on Carbon Fibers Modified with Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrafast Flexible Supercapacitors in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes with Wide Voltage Windows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Construction of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> on Carbon Fibers Modified with Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrafast Flexible Supercapacitors in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes with Wide Voltage Windows |
| title_short | Construction of α-MnO<sub>2</sub> on Carbon Fibers Modified with Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrafast Flexible Supercapacitors in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes with Wide Voltage Windows |
| title_sort | construction of α mno sub 2 sub on carbon fibers modified with carbon nanotubes for ultrafast flexible supercapacitors in ionic liquid electrolytes with wide voltage windows |
| topic | carbon nanotubes composite materials manganese dioxide flexible supercapacitors ionic electrolytes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/12/2020 |
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