Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Malaysian <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> Bee Bread
The aim of the study was to determine the chemical profile, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> bee bread from Malaysia. The pH, presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4943 |
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| author | Joseph Bagi Suleiman Mahaneem Mohamed Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar Victor Udo Nna Zaida Zakaria Zaidatul Akmal Othman Abdulqudus Bola Aroyehun |
| author_facet | Joseph Bagi Suleiman Mahaneem Mohamed Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar Victor Udo Nna Zaida Zakaria Zaidatul Akmal Othman Abdulqudus Bola Aroyehun |
| author_sort | Joseph Bagi Suleiman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the study was to determine the chemical profile, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> bee bread from Malaysia. The pH, presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as antimicrobial activities, were assessed. Results revealed a decrease in the pH of bee bread water extract (BBW) relative to bee bread ethanolic extract (BBE) and bee bread hot water extract (BBH). Further, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, resins, glycosides and xanthoproteins were detected in BBW, BBH and BBE. Also, significant decreases in TPC, TFC, DPPH activity and FRAP were detected in BBW relative to BBH and BBE. We detected phenolic acids such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, trans 3-hydroxycinnamic acid and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, and flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin and mangiferin in BBE using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The strongest antimicrobial activity was observed in <i>Klebsilla pneumonia</i> (MIC<sub>50</sub> 1.914 µg/mL), followed by <i>E. coli</i> (MIC<sub>50</sub> 1.923 µg/mL), <i>Shigella</i> (MIC<sub>50</sub> 1.813 µg/mL) and <i>Salmonella typhi</i> (MIC<sub>50</sub> 1.617 µg/mL). Bee bread samples possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Bee bread contains phenolic acids and flavonoids, and could be beneficial in the management and treatment of metabolic diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:33:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b7e9e2a578d49e3959dadd378d12f83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:33:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b7e9e2a578d49e3959dadd378d12f832023-11-22T08:54:17ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-08-012616494310.3390/molecules26164943Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Malaysian <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> Bee BreadJoseph Bagi Suleiman0Mahaneem Mohamed1Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar2Victor Udo Nna3Zaida Zakaria4Zaidatul Akmal Othman5Abdulqudus Bola Aroyehun6Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar P.M.B. 1115, Cross River State, NigeriaDepartment of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaNutrition and Dietetics Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaThe aim of the study was to determine the chemical profile, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> bee bread from Malaysia. The pH, presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as antimicrobial activities, were assessed. Results revealed a decrease in the pH of bee bread water extract (BBW) relative to bee bread ethanolic extract (BBE) and bee bread hot water extract (BBH). Further, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, resins, glycosides and xanthoproteins were detected in BBW, BBH and BBE. Also, significant decreases in TPC, TFC, DPPH activity and FRAP were detected in BBW relative to BBH and BBE. We detected phenolic acids such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, trans 3-hydroxycinnamic acid and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, and flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin and mangiferin in BBE using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The strongest antimicrobial activity was observed in <i>Klebsilla pneumonia</i> (MIC<sub>50</sub> 1.914 µg/mL), followed by <i>E. coli</i> (MIC<sub>50</sub> 1.923 µg/mL), <i>Shigella</i> (MIC<sub>50</sub> 1.813 µg/mL) and <i>Salmonella typhi</i> (MIC<sub>50</sub> 1.617 µg/mL). Bee bread samples possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Bee bread contains phenolic acids and flavonoids, and could be beneficial in the management and treatment of metabolic diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4943<i>Heterotrigona itama</i> bee breadpolyphenolsmicrobial activities |
| spellingShingle | Joseph Bagi Suleiman Mahaneem Mohamed Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar Victor Udo Nna Zaida Zakaria Zaidatul Akmal Othman Abdulqudus Bola Aroyehun Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Malaysian <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> Bee Bread Molecules <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> bee bread polyphenols microbial activities |
| title | Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Malaysian <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> Bee Bread |
| title_full | Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Malaysian <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> Bee Bread |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Malaysian <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> Bee Bread |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Malaysian <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> Bee Bread |
| title_short | Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Malaysian <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> Bee Bread |
| title_sort | chemical profile antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of malaysian i heterotrigona itama i bee bread |
| topic | <i>Heterotrigona itama</i> bee bread polyphenols microbial activities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4943 |
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