Comparison of Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risks in Sweden- and foreign-born primary health care patients in Sweden
Abstract Background The prevalence of cardiovascular disease around the world varies by ethnicity and region of birth. Immigrants living in Sweden may have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases than native-born Swedes, but little is known about their actual cardiovascular risk. This study a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15449-6 |
| _version_ | 1797863339617943552 |
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| author | Marina Taloyan Victor Wågström Kristin Hjörleifdottir Steiner Danial Yarbakht Claes-Göran Östenson Helena Salminen |
| author_facet | Marina Taloyan Victor Wågström Kristin Hjörleifdottir Steiner Danial Yarbakht Claes-Göran Östenson Helena Salminen |
| author_sort | Marina Taloyan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The prevalence of cardiovascular disease around the world varies by ethnicity and region of birth. Immigrants living in Sweden may have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases than native-born Swedes, but little is known about their actual cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to examine the relationship in Sweden between 10-year cardiovascular risk and birthplace. Method This cross-sectional study was based on cardiovascular risk factor data obtained from the 4D Diabetes Project, a Programme 4D subproject in Sweden. Participants were recruited from two primary healthcare centres in Stockholm without a history of diabetes or pre-diabetes. The outcome variable was 10-year cardiovascular risk based on the calculation of a Framingham Risk Score with six risk factors: age, sex, LDL, HDL, BP, diabetes and smoking for each participant. Multiple linear regression was performed to generate β-coefficients for the outcome. Results There was an average of 8.86% cardiovascular risk over 10 years in Sweden-born participants and a 5.45% 10-year risk in foreign-born, (P < 0.0001). Foreign-born participants were about 10 years younger (mean age 46 years vs. 56 years, P < 0.001), with a significantly higher proportion of smokers (23.9% vs. 13.7%; P = 0.001). To be born in Sweden (with parents born in Sweden) was significantly associated with a 10-year cardiovascular risk in the crude model (β- coefficient = 3.40, 95% CI 2.59–4.22; P < 0.0001) and when adjusted for education and alcohol consumption (β- coefficient = 2.70 95% CI 1.86–3.54; P < 0.0001). Regardless of the birthplace, 10-year cardiovascular risk was lower for those with higher education compared to those with less than 10 years of education. Conclusion This study found a relationship between 10-year calculated cardiovascular risk and place of birth. Sweden-born participants had a higher association with 10-year cardiovascular risk than foreign-born participants. These results contradict previous reports of higher rates of CVD in residents of Middle-Eastern countries and Middle-Eastern immigrants living in Sweden. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:34:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b87665f553d437d9cf55136114f165a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:34:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b87665f553d437d9cf55136114f165a2023-03-22T12:35:59ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582023-03-0123111010.1186/s12889-023-15449-6Comparison of Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risks in Sweden- and foreign-born primary health care patients in SwedenMarina Taloyan0Victor Wågström1Kristin Hjörleifdottir Steiner2Danial Yarbakht3Claes-Göran Östenson4Helena Salminen5Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska InstitutetRegion Stockholm, Karolinska HospitalDivision of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska InstitutetRegion Stockholm, Karolinska HospitalDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Karolinska InstitutetDivision of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska InstitutetAbstract Background The prevalence of cardiovascular disease around the world varies by ethnicity and region of birth. Immigrants living in Sweden may have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases than native-born Swedes, but little is known about their actual cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to examine the relationship in Sweden between 10-year cardiovascular risk and birthplace. Method This cross-sectional study was based on cardiovascular risk factor data obtained from the 4D Diabetes Project, a Programme 4D subproject in Sweden. Participants were recruited from two primary healthcare centres in Stockholm without a history of diabetes or pre-diabetes. The outcome variable was 10-year cardiovascular risk based on the calculation of a Framingham Risk Score with six risk factors: age, sex, LDL, HDL, BP, diabetes and smoking for each participant. Multiple linear regression was performed to generate β-coefficients for the outcome. Results There was an average of 8.86% cardiovascular risk over 10 years in Sweden-born participants and a 5.45% 10-year risk in foreign-born, (P < 0.0001). Foreign-born participants were about 10 years younger (mean age 46 years vs. 56 years, P < 0.001), with a significantly higher proportion of smokers (23.9% vs. 13.7%; P = 0.001). To be born in Sweden (with parents born in Sweden) was significantly associated with a 10-year cardiovascular risk in the crude model (β- coefficient = 3.40, 95% CI 2.59–4.22; P < 0.0001) and when adjusted for education and alcohol consumption (β- coefficient = 2.70 95% CI 1.86–3.54; P < 0.0001). Regardless of the birthplace, 10-year cardiovascular risk was lower for those with higher education compared to those with less than 10 years of education. Conclusion This study found a relationship between 10-year calculated cardiovascular risk and place of birth. Sweden-born participants had a higher association with 10-year cardiovascular risk than foreign-born participants. These results contradict previous reports of higher rates of CVD in residents of Middle-Eastern countries and Middle-Eastern immigrants living in Sweden.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15449-6Cardiovascular risk factorsFramingham risk scorePrimary careRegion of birthSweden |
| spellingShingle | Marina Taloyan Victor Wågström Kristin Hjörleifdottir Steiner Danial Yarbakht Claes-Göran Östenson Helena Salminen Comparison of Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risks in Sweden- and foreign-born primary health care patients in Sweden BMC Public Health Cardiovascular risk factors Framingham risk score Primary care Region of birth Sweden |
| title | Comparison of Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risks in Sweden- and foreign-born primary health care patients in Sweden |
| title_full | Comparison of Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risks in Sweden- and foreign-born primary health care patients in Sweden |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risks in Sweden- and foreign-born primary health care patients in Sweden |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risks in Sweden- and foreign-born primary health care patients in Sweden |
| title_short | Comparison of Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risks in Sweden- and foreign-born primary health care patients in Sweden |
| title_sort | comparison of framingham 10 year cardiovascular risks in sweden and foreign born primary health care patients in sweden |
| topic | Cardiovascular risk factors Framingham risk score Primary care Region of birth Sweden |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15449-6 |
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