| Summary: | The new anchovy <i>Stolephorus hindustanensis</i> n. sp., described on the basis of 11 specimens collected from Mumbai, western coast of India, closely resembles <i>Stolephorus ronquilloi</i> Wongratana, 1983 in sharing an indented preopercle posterior margin, long maxilla extending beyond the preopercle posterior margin, double pigmented lines on the dorsum behind the dorsal fin, and lacking a predorsal scute. However, the new species differs from <i>S. ronquilloi</i> in having lower counts of gill rakers on the first and second gill arches, higher counts of total vertebrae, a deeper body, greater distances between the snout tip and anal-fin origin, origins of the dorsal and anal fins, and pelvic-fin insertion and anal-fin origin, and longer pelvic fin, third dorsal-fin ray, third anal-fin ray, and postorbital length.
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