Development and Structural Organization of Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) as a Foundation for Conservation and Restoration Initiatives: A Hierarchical Approach
Mangroves provide ecosystem services worth billions of dollars worldwide. Although countries with extensive mangrove areas implemented management and conservation programs since the 1980s, the global area is still decreasing. To recuperate this lost area, both restoration and rehabilitation (R/R) pr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/4/621 |
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| author | María Teresa Rodríguez-Zúñiga Carlos Troche-Souza María Isabel Cruz-López Victor H. Rivera-Monroy |
| author_facet | María Teresa Rodríguez-Zúñiga Carlos Troche-Souza María Isabel Cruz-López Victor H. Rivera-Monroy |
| author_sort | María Teresa Rodríguez-Zúñiga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mangroves provide ecosystem services worth billions of dollars worldwide. Although countries with extensive mangrove areas implemented management and conservation programs since the 1980s, the global area is still decreasing. To recuperate this lost area, both restoration and rehabilitation (R/R) projects have been implemented but with limited success, especially at spatial scales needed to restore functional properties. Monitoring mangroves at different spatial scales in the long term (decades) is critical to detect potential threats and select cost-effective management criteria and performance measures to improve R/R program success. Here, we analyze the origin, development, implementation, and outcomes of a country-level mangrove monitoring system in the Neotropics covering >9000 km<sup>2</sup> over 15 years. The Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) considers a spatiotemporal hierarchical approach as a conceptual framework where remote sensing is a key component. We analyze the role of the SMMM’s remote sensing products as a “hub” of multi- and interdisciplinary ecological and social-ecological studies to develop national priorities and inform local and regional mangrove management decisions. We propose that the SMMM products, outcomes, and lessons learned can be used as a blueprint in other developing countries where cost-effective R/R projects are planned as part of mangrove protection, conservation, and management programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:36:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b8d14d04715469b91e4a7c03ebdc9fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:36:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b8d14d04715469b91e4a7c03ebdc9fc2023-12-01T20:54:53ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-04-0113462110.3390/f13040621Development and Structural Organization of Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) as a Foundation for Conservation and Restoration Initiatives: A Hierarchical ApproachMaría Teresa Rodríguez-Zúñiga0Carlos Troche-Souza1María Isabel Cruz-López2Victor H. Rivera-Monroy3National Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), General Directorate of Geomatics, Liga Periférico-Insurgentes Sur 4903 Parques del Pedregal, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14010, MexicoNational Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), General Directorate of Geomatics, Liga Periférico-Insurgentes Sur 4903 Parques del Pedregal, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14010, MexicoNational Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), General Directorate of Geomatics, Liga Periférico-Insurgentes Sur 4903 Parques del Pedregal, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14010, MexicoDepartment of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USAMangroves provide ecosystem services worth billions of dollars worldwide. Although countries with extensive mangrove areas implemented management and conservation programs since the 1980s, the global area is still decreasing. To recuperate this lost area, both restoration and rehabilitation (R/R) projects have been implemented but with limited success, especially at spatial scales needed to restore functional properties. Monitoring mangroves at different spatial scales in the long term (decades) is critical to detect potential threats and select cost-effective management criteria and performance measures to improve R/R program success. Here, we analyze the origin, development, implementation, and outcomes of a country-level mangrove monitoring system in the Neotropics covering >9000 km<sup>2</sup> over 15 years. The Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) considers a spatiotemporal hierarchical approach as a conceptual framework where remote sensing is a key component. We analyze the role of the SMMM’s remote sensing products as a “hub” of multi- and interdisciplinary ecological and social-ecological studies to develop national priorities and inform local and regional mangrove management decisions. We propose that the SMMM products, outcomes, and lessons learned can be used as a blueprint in other developing countries where cost-effective R/R projects are planned as part of mangrove protection, conservation, and management programs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/4/621mangrovesSMMMremote sensingrehabilitationrestorationneotropics |
| spellingShingle | María Teresa Rodríguez-Zúñiga Carlos Troche-Souza María Isabel Cruz-López Victor H. Rivera-Monroy Development and Structural Organization of Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) as a Foundation for Conservation and Restoration Initiatives: A Hierarchical Approach Forests mangroves SMMM remote sensing rehabilitation restoration neotropics |
| title | Development and Structural Organization of Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) as a Foundation for Conservation and Restoration Initiatives: A Hierarchical Approach |
| title_full | Development and Structural Organization of Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) as a Foundation for Conservation and Restoration Initiatives: A Hierarchical Approach |
| title_fullStr | Development and Structural Organization of Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) as a Foundation for Conservation and Restoration Initiatives: A Hierarchical Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Structural Organization of Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) as a Foundation for Conservation and Restoration Initiatives: A Hierarchical Approach |
| title_short | Development and Structural Organization of Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) as a Foundation for Conservation and Restoration Initiatives: A Hierarchical Approach |
| title_sort | development and structural organization of mexico s mangrove monitoring system smmm as a foundation for conservation and restoration initiatives a hierarchical approach |
| topic | mangroves SMMM remote sensing rehabilitation restoration neotropics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/4/621 |
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