3D Solar Irradiance Model for Non-Uniform Shading Environments Using Shading (Aperture) Matrix Enhanced by Local Coordinate System
Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) and vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPVs) receive solar irradiance through non-uniform shading objects. Standard scalar calculations cannot accurately determine the solar irradiance of BIPV and VIPV systems. This study proposes a matrix model using an ape...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/11/4414 |
| _version_ | 1797597662069915648 |
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| author | Kenji Araki Yasuyuki Ota Akira Nagaoka Kensuke Nishioka |
| author_facet | Kenji Araki Yasuyuki Ota Akira Nagaoka Kensuke Nishioka |
| author_sort | Kenji Araki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) and vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPVs) receive solar irradiance through non-uniform shading objects. Standard scalar calculations cannot accurately determine the solar irradiance of BIPV and VIPV systems. This study proposes a matrix model using an aperture matrix to accurately calculate the horizontal and vertical planes affected by non-uniform shading objects. This can be extended to the solar irradiance on a VIPV by applying a local coordinate system. The 3D model is validated by a simultaneous measurement of five orientations (roof and four sides, front, left, tail, and right) of solar irradiance on a car body. An accumulated logistic function can approximate the shading probability. Furthermore, the combined use of the 3D solar irradiance model is effective in assessing the energy performance of solar electric vehicles in various zones, including buildings, residential areas, and open spaces. Unlike standard solar energy systems, the energy yield of a VIPV is affected by the shading environment. This, in turn, is affected mainly by the location of vehicle travel or parking in the city rather than by the climate zones of the city. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:07:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b97b166e7d04642b8cb365a582e560b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:07:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b97b166e7d04642b8cb365a582e560b2023-11-18T07:48:32ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-05-011611441410.3390/en161144143D Solar Irradiance Model for Non-Uniform Shading Environments Using Shading (Aperture) Matrix Enhanced by Local Coordinate SystemKenji Araki0Yasuyuki Ota1Akira Nagaoka2Kensuke Nishioka3Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanFaculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanFaculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanFaculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanBuilding-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) and vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPVs) receive solar irradiance through non-uniform shading objects. Standard scalar calculations cannot accurately determine the solar irradiance of BIPV and VIPV systems. This study proposes a matrix model using an aperture matrix to accurately calculate the horizontal and vertical planes affected by non-uniform shading objects. This can be extended to the solar irradiance on a VIPV by applying a local coordinate system. The 3D model is validated by a simultaneous measurement of five orientations (roof and four sides, front, left, tail, and right) of solar irradiance on a car body. An accumulated logistic function can approximate the shading probability. Furthermore, the combined use of the 3D solar irradiance model is effective in assessing the energy performance of solar electric vehicles in various zones, including buildings, residential areas, and open spaces. Unlike standard solar energy systems, the energy yield of a VIPV is affected by the shading environment. This, in turn, is affected mainly by the location of vehicle travel or parking in the city rather than by the climate zones of the city.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/11/4414EVSEVVIPVBIPVsolar irradiance |
| spellingShingle | Kenji Araki Yasuyuki Ota Akira Nagaoka Kensuke Nishioka 3D Solar Irradiance Model for Non-Uniform Shading Environments Using Shading (Aperture) Matrix Enhanced by Local Coordinate System Energies EV SEV VIPV BIPV solar irradiance |
| title | 3D Solar Irradiance Model for Non-Uniform Shading Environments Using Shading (Aperture) Matrix Enhanced by Local Coordinate System |
| title_full | 3D Solar Irradiance Model for Non-Uniform Shading Environments Using Shading (Aperture) Matrix Enhanced by Local Coordinate System |
| title_fullStr | 3D Solar Irradiance Model for Non-Uniform Shading Environments Using Shading (Aperture) Matrix Enhanced by Local Coordinate System |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D Solar Irradiance Model for Non-Uniform Shading Environments Using Shading (Aperture) Matrix Enhanced by Local Coordinate System |
| title_short | 3D Solar Irradiance Model for Non-Uniform Shading Environments Using Shading (Aperture) Matrix Enhanced by Local Coordinate System |
| title_sort | 3d solar irradiance model for non uniform shading environments using shading aperture matrix enhanced by local coordinate system |
| topic | EV SEV VIPV BIPV solar irradiance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/11/4414 |
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