Changes of In Situ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Communities in the Upper Sanya River to the Sea over a Nine-Hour Period
The transition areas of riverine, estuarine, and marine environments are particularly valuable for the research of microbial ecology, biogeochemical processes, and other physical–chemical studies. Although a large number of microbial-related studies have been conducted within such systems, the vast...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/536 |
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| author | Shijie Bai Jian Zhang Xiaoxue Qi Juntao Zeng Shijun Wu Xiaotong Peng |
| author_facet | Shijie Bai Jian Zhang Xiaoxue Qi Juntao Zeng Shijun Wu Xiaotong Peng |
| author_sort | Shijie Bai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The transition areas of riverine, estuarine, and marine environments are particularly valuable for the research of microbial ecology, biogeochemical processes, and other physical–chemical studies. Although a large number of microbial-related studies have been conducted within such systems, the vast majority of sampling have been conducted over a large span of time and distance, which may lead to separate batches of samples receiving interference from different factors, thus increasing or decreasing the variability between samples to some extent. In this study, a new in situ filtration system was used to collect membrane samples from six different sampling sites along the Sanya River, from upstream freshwater to the sea, over a nine-hour period. We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes to analyze the diversity and composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. The results showed that the structures of these communities varied according to the different sampling sites. The α-diversity of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities both decreased gradually along the downstream course. The structural composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities changed continuously with the direction of river flow; for example, the relative abundances of <i>Rhodobacteraceae</i> and <i>Flavobacteriaceae</i> increased with distance downstream, while <i>Sporichthyaceae</i> and <i>Comamonadaceae</i> decreased. Some prokaryotic taxa, such as <i>Phycisphaeraceae</i> and <i>Chromobacteriaceae</i>, were present nearly exclusively in pure freshwater environments, while some additional prokaryotic taxa, including the <i>SAR86 clade</i>, <i>Clade I</i>, <i>AEGEAN-169 marine group</i>, and <i>Actinomarinaceae</i>, were barely present in pure freshwater environments. The eukaryotic communities were mainly composed of the <i>Chlorellales X</i>, <i>Chlamydomonadales X</i>, <i>Sphaeropleales X</i>, <i>Trebouxiophyceae XX</i>, <i>Annelida XX</i>, and <i>Heteroconchia</i>. The prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities were split into abundant, common, and rare communities for NCM analysis, respectively, and the results showed that assembly of the rare community assembly was more impacted by stochastic processes and less restricted by species dispersal than that of abundant and common microbial communities for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Overall, this study provides a valuable reference and new perspectives on microbial ecology during the transition from freshwater rivers to estuaries and the sea. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:23:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ba3832bcdbc466daae97753e9dec21d |
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| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:23:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8ba3832bcdbc466daae97753e9dec21d2023-11-16T22:17:15ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-02-0111253610.3390/microorganisms11020536Changes of In Situ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Communities in the Upper Sanya River to the Sea over a Nine-Hour PeriodShijie Bai0Jian Zhang1Xiaoxue Qi2Juntao Zeng3Shijun Wu4Xiaotong Peng5Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, ChinaInstitute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, ChinaInstitute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, ChinaInstitute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaInstitute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, ChinaThe transition areas of riverine, estuarine, and marine environments are particularly valuable for the research of microbial ecology, biogeochemical processes, and other physical–chemical studies. Although a large number of microbial-related studies have been conducted within such systems, the vast majority of sampling have been conducted over a large span of time and distance, which may lead to separate batches of samples receiving interference from different factors, thus increasing or decreasing the variability between samples to some extent. In this study, a new in situ filtration system was used to collect membrane samples from six different sampling sites along the Sanya River, from upstream freshwater to the sea, over a nine-hour period. We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes to analyze the diversity and composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. The results showed that the structures of these communities varied according to the different sampling sites. The α-diversity of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities both decreased gradually along the downstream course. The structural composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities changed continuously with the direction of river flow; for example, the relative abundances of <i>Rhodobacteraceae</i> and <i>Flavobacteriaceae</i> increased with distance downstream, while <i>Sporichthyaceae</i> and <i>Comamonadaceae</i> decreased. Some prokaryotic taxa, such as <i>Phycisphaeraceae</i> and <i>Chromobacteriaceae</i>, were present nearly exclusively in pure freshwater environments, while some additional prokaryotic taxa, including the <i>SAR86 clade</i>, <i>Clade I</i>, <i>AEGEAN-169 marine group</i>, and <i>Actinomarinaceae</i>, were barely present in pure freshwater environments. The eukaryotic communities were mainly composed of the <i>Chlorellales X</i>, <i>Chlamydomonadales X</i>, <i>Sphaeropleales X</i>, <i>Trebouxiophyceae XX</i>, <i>Annelida XX</i>, and <i>Heteroconchia</i>. The prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities were split into abundant, common, and rare communities for NCM analysis, respectively, and the results showed that assembly of the rare community assembly was more impacted by stochastic processes and less restricted by species dispersal than that of abundant and common microbial communities for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Overall, this study provides a valuable reference and new perspectives on microbial ecology during the transition from freshwater rivers to estuaries and the sea.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/536microbiomeabundant communitiesrare communitiesin situ filtration systemstochastic processes |
| spellingShingle | Shijie Bai Jian Zhang Xiaoxue Qi Juntao Zeng Shijun Wu Xiaotong Peng Changes of In Situ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Communities in the Upper Sanya River to the Sea over a Nine-Hour Period Microorganisms microbiome abundant communities rare communities in situ filtration system stochastic processes |
| title | Changes of In Situ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Communities in the Upper Sanya River to the Sea over a Nine-Hour Period |
| title_full | Changes of In Situ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Communities in the Upper Sanya River to the Sea over a Nine-Hour Period |
| title_fullStr | Changes of In Situ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Communities in the Upper Sanya River to the Sea over a Nine-Hour Period |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes of In Situ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Communities in the Upper Sanya River to the Sea over a Nine-Hour Period |
| title_short | Changes of In Situ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Communities in the Upper Sanya River to the Sea over a Nine-Hour Period |
| title_sort | changes of in situ prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in the upper sanya river to the sea over a nine hour period |
| topic | microbiome abundant communities rare communities in situ filtration system stochastic processes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/536 |
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