Sunset Yellow and Allura Red modulate Bcl2 and COX2 expression levels and confer oxidative stress-mediated renal and hepatic toxicity in male rats
Studies on the adverse health effects caused by azo dyes are insufficient and quite contradictory. This work aims to investigate the possible toxic effect of two types of widely used food additives, Sunset Yellow and Allura Red, by assessing the physiological, histopathological and ultrastructural c...
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PeerJ Inc.
2018-09-01
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| author | Latifa I. Khayyat Amina E. Essawy Jehan M. Sorour Ahmed Soffar |
| author_facet | Latifa I. Khayyat Amina E. Essawy Jehan M. Sorour Ahmed Soffar |
| author_sort | Latifa I. Khayyat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Studies on the adverse health effects caused by azo dyes are insufficient and quite contradictory. This work aims to investigate the possible toxic effect of two types of widely used food additives, Sunset Yellow and Allura Red, by assessing the physiological, histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the liver and kidney. Also, we investigated the genotoxic effect of both dyes on white blood cells. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups of 10 animals each: control (received water), Sunset Yellow-treated (2.5 mg/kg body weight) and Allura Red-treated (seven mg/kg body weight). The doses were orally applied for 4 weeks. Our results indicated an increase in the biochemical markers of hepatic and renal function (Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, uric acid and creatinine) in animals administered with the azo dyes. We also observed a noticeable increase in MDA and a marked decrease in total antioxidant levels in azo dye-treated animals compared to controls. Conversely, both dyes adversely affected the liver and kidney of albino rats and altered their histological and fine structure, with downregulation of Bcl2 and upregulation of COX2 expression. Our comet assay results showed a significant elevation in the fold change of tail moment in response to application of Sunset Yellow but not Allura Red. Collectively, we show that Sunset Yellow and Allura Red cause histopathological and physiological aberrations in the liver and kidney of male Wistar albino rats. Moreover, Sunset Yellow but not Allura Red induces a potential genotoxic effect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:43:29Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:43:29Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8ba624e10e644b9a8d6d4c060e85f5212023-12-03T10:42:09ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592018-09-016e568910.7717/peerj.5689Sunset Yellow and Allura Red modulate Bcl2 and COX2 expression levels and confer oxidative stress-mediated renal and hepatic toxicity in male ratsLatifa I. Khayyat0Amina E. Essawy1Jehan M. Sorour2Ahmed Soffar3Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi ArabiaZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptDivision of Molecular Biology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptStudies on the adverse health effects caused by azo dyes are insufficient and quite contradictory. This work aims to investigate the possible toxic effect of two types of widely used food additives, Sunset Yellow and Allura Red, by assessing the physiological, histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the liver and kidney. Also, we investigated the genotoxic effect of both dyes on white blood cells. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups of 10 animals each: control (received water), Sunset Yellow-treated (2.5 mg/kg body weight) and Allura Red-treated (seven mg/kg body weight). The doses were orally applied for 4 weeks. Our results indicated an increase in the biochemical markers of hepatic and renal function (Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, uric acid and creatinine) in animals administered with the azo dyes. We also observed a noticeable increase in MDA and a marked decrease in total antioxidant levels in azo dye-treated animals compared to controls. Conversely, both dyes adversely affected the liver and kidney of albino rats and altered their histological and fine structure, with downregulation of Bcl2 and upregulation of COX2 expression. Our comet assay results showed a significant elevation in the fold change of tail moment in response to application of Sunset Yellow but not Allura Red. Collectively, we show that Sunset Yellow and Allura Red cause histopathological and physiological aberrations in the liver and kidney of male Wistar albino rats. Moreover, Sunset Yellow but not Allura Red induces a potential genotoxic effect.https://peerj.com/articles/5689.pdfGenotoxicityHistopathologySerum biochemistrySunset YellowAllura RedCOX2 |
| spellingShingle | Latifa I. Khayyat Amina E. Essawy Jehan M. Sorour Ahmed Soffar Sunset Yellow and Allura Red modulate Bcl2 and COX2 expression levels and confer oxidative stress-mediated renal and hepatic toxicity in male rats PeerJ Genotoxicity Histopathology Serum biochemistry Sunset Yellow Allura Red COX2 |
| title | Sunset Yellow and Allura Red modulate Bcl2 and COX2 expression levels and confer oxidative stress-mediated renal and hepatic toxicity in male rats |
| title_full | Sunset Yellow and Allura Red modulate Bcl2 and COX2 expression levels and confer oxidative stress-mediated renal and hepatic toxicity in male rats |
| title_fullStr | Sunset Yellow and Allura Red modulate Bcl2 and COX2 expression levels and confer oxidative stress-mediated renal and hepatic toxicity in male rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sunset Yellow and Allura Red modulate Bcl2 and COX2 expression levels and confer oxidative stress-mediated renal and hepatic toxicity in male rats |
| title_short | Sunset Yellow and Allura Red modulate Bcl2 and COX2 expression levels and confer oxidative stress-mediated renal and hepatic toxicity in male rats |
| title_sort | sunset yellow and allura red modulate bcl2 and cox2 expression levels and confer oxidative stress mediated renal and hepatic toxicity in male rats |
| topic | Genotoxicity Histopathology Serum biochemistry Sunset Yellow Allura Red COX2 |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/5689.pdf |
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