Characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Isolates from Swine: Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance
<i>Salmonella</i> is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens worldwide. Swine represent typical reservoirs of this bacterium and a frequent source of human infection. Some intrinsic traits make some serovars or strains more virulent than others. Twenty-nine <i>Salmonella</i...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2418 |
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| author | Hai Nguyen Thi Thi-Thanh-Thao Pham Barbara Turchi Filippo Fratini Valentina Virginia Ebani Domenico Cerri Fabrizio Bertelloni |
| author_facet | Hai Nguyen Thi Thi-Thanh-Thao Pham Barbara Turchi Filippo Fratini Valentina Virginia Ebani Domenico Cerri Fabrizio Bertelloni |
| author_sort | Hai Nguyen Thi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salmonella</i> is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens worldwide. Swine represent typical reservoirs of this bacterium and a frequent source of human infection. Some intrinsic traits make some serovars or strains more virulent than others. Twenty-nine <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolated from pigs belonging to 16 different serovars were analyzed for gastric acid environment resistance, presence of virulence genes (<i>mgtC</i>, <i>rhuM</i>, <i>pipB</i>, <i>sopB</i>, <i>spvRBC</i>, <i>gipA</i>, <i>sodCI</i>, <i>sopE</i>), antimicrobial resistance and presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (<i>bla<sub>TEM</sub></i>, <i>bla<sub>PSE-1</sub></i>, <i>aadA1</i>, <i>aadA2</i>, <i>aphA1</i>-lab, <i>strA-strB</i>, <i>tetA</i>, <i>tetB</i>, <i>tetC</i>, <i>tetG</i>, <i>sul1</i>, <i>sul2</i>, <i>sul3</i>). A percentage of 44.83% of strains showed constitutive and inducible gastric acid resistance, whereas 37.93% of strains became resistant only after induction. The genes <i>sopB</i>, <i>pipB</i> and <i>mgtC</i> were the most often detected, with 79.31%, 48.28% and 37.93% of positive strains, respectively. <i>Salmonella virulence plasmid</i> genes were detected in a <i>S</i>. <i>enterica</i> sup. <i>houtenae</i> ser. 40:z<sub>4</sub>,z<sub>23</sub>:-strain. Fifteen different virulence profiles were identified: one isolate (ser. Typhimurium) was positive for 6 genes, and 6 isolates (3 ser. Typhimurium, 2 ser. Typhimurium monophasic variant and 1 ser. Choleraesuis) scored positive for 5 genes. None of the isolates resulted resistant to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin, while all isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, colistin and gentamycin. Many strains were resistant to sulfonamide (75.86%), tetracycline (51.72%), streptomycin (48.28%) and ampicillin (31.03%). Twenty different resisto-types were identified. Six strains (4 ser. Typhimurium, 1 ser. Derby and 1 ser. Typhimurium monophasic variant) showed the ASSuT profile. Most detected resistance genes <i>sul2</i> (34.48%), <i>tetA</i> (27.58%) and <i>strA-strB</i> (27.58%). Great variability was observed in analyzed strains. <i>S</i>. ser. Typhimurium was confirmed as one of the most virulent serovars. This study underlines that swine could be a reservoir and source of pathogenic <i>Salmonella</i> strains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:00:12Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:00:12Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-8bb31740d1304332a5ade4829e4bb5922023-11-21T01:15:25ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-12-011012241810.3390/ani10122418Characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Isolates from Swine: Virulence and Antimicrobial ResistanceHai Nguyen Thi0Thi-Thanh-Thao Pham1Barbara Turchi2Filippo Fratini3Valentina Virginia Ebani4Domenico Cerri5Fabrizio Bertelloni6Department of Animal Science, Hong Duc University, Thanh Hoa City 40000, VietnamBiology Faculty, Dalat University, 01 Phu Dong Thien Vuong, Da Lat, Lam Dong 66000, VietnamDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy<i>Salmonella</i> is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens worldwide. Swine represent typical reservoirs of this bacterium and a frequent source of human infection. Some intrinsic traits make some serovars or strains more virulent than others. Twenty-nine <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolated from pigs belonging to 16 different serovars were analyzed for gastric acid environment resistance, presence of virulence genes (<i>mgtC</i>, <i>rhuM</i>, <i>pipB</i>, <i>sopB</i>, <i>spvRBC</i>, <i>gipA</i>, <i>sodCI</i>, <i>sopE</i>), antimicrobial resistance and presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (<i>bla<sub>TEM</sub></i>, <i>bla<sub>PSE-1</sub></i>, <i>aadA1</i>, <i>aadA2</i>, <i>aphA1</i>-lab, <i>strA-strB</i>, <i>tetA</i>, <i>tetB</i>, <i>tetC</i>, <i>tetG</i>, <i>sul1</i>, <i>sul2</i>, <i>sul3</i>). A percentage of 44.83% of strains showed constitutive and inducible gastric acid resistance, whereas 37.93% of strains became resistant only after induction. The genes <i>sopB</i>, <i>pipB</i> and <i>mgtC</i> were the most often detected, with 79.31%, 48.28% and 37.93% of positive strains, respectively. <i>Salmonella virulence plasmid</i> genes were detected in a <i>S</i>. <i>enterica</i> sup. <i>houtenae</i> ser. 40:z<sub>4</sub>,z<sub>23</sub>:-strain. Fifteen different virulence profiles were identified: one isolate (ser. Typhimurium) was positive for 6 genes, and 6 isolates (3 ser. Typhimurium, 2 ser. Typhimurium monophasic variant and 1 ser. Choleraesuis) scored positive for 5 genes. None of the isolates resulted resistant to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin, while all isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, colistin and gentamycin. Many strains were resistant to sulfonamide (75.86%), tetracycline (51.72%), streptomycin (48.28%) and ampicillin (31.03%). Twenty different resisto-types were identified. Six strains (4 ser. Typhimurium, 1 ser. Derby and 1 ser. Typhimurium monophasic variant) showed the ASSuT profile. Most detected resistance genes <i>sul2</i> (34.48%), <i>tetA</i> (27.58%) and <i>strA-strB</i> (27.58%). Great variability was observed in analyzed strains. <i>S</i>. ser. Typhimurium was confirmed as one of the most virulent serovars. This study underlines that swine could be a reservoir and source of pathogenic <i>Salmonella</i> strains.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2418<i>Salmonella</i>swinegastric acid resistancevirulence genesantimicrobial resistance |
| spellingShingle | Hai Nguyen Thi Thi-Thanh-Thao Pham Barbara Turchi Filippo Fratini Valentina Virginia Ebani Domenico Cerri Fabrizio Bertelloni Characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Isolates from Swine: Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Animals <i>Salmonella</i> swine gastric acid resistance virulence genes antimicrobial resistance |
| title | Characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Isolates from Swine: Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_full | Characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Isolates from Swine: Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Isolates from Swine: Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Isolates from Swine: Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_short | Characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Isolates from Swine: Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_sort | characterization of i salmonella i spp isolates from swine virulence and antimicrobial resistance |
| topic | <i>Salmonella</i> swine gastric acid resistance virulence genes antimicrobial resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2418 |
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