Unravelling the Epigenome of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Response to Therapy
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a malignancy that disrupts normal blood cell production and commonly affects our ageing population. MDS patients are diagnosed using an invasive bone marrow biopsy and high-risk MDS patients are treated with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) such as decitabine and azacy...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-10-01
|
| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/11/3128 |
| _version_ | 1797549823807717376 |
|---|---|
| author | Danielle R. Bond Heather J. Lee Anoop K. Enjeti |
| author_facet | Danielle R. Bond Heather J. Lee Anoop K. Enjeti |
| author_sort | Danielle R. Bond |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a malignancy that disrupts normal blood cell production and commonly affects our ageing population. MDS patients are diagnosed using an invasive bone marrow biopsy and high-risk MDS patients are treated with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) such as decitabine and azacytidine. However, these therapies are only effective in 50% of patients, and many develop resistance to therapy, often resulting in bone marrow failure or leukemic transformation. Therefore, there is a strong need for less invasive, diagnostic tests for MDS, novel markers that can predict response to therapy and/or patient prognosis to aid treatment stratification, as well as new and effective therapeutics to enhance patient quality of life and survival. Epigenetic modifiers such as DNA methylation, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are perturbed in MDS blasts and the bone marrow micro-environment, influencing disease progression and response to therapy. This review focusses on the potential utility of epigenetic modifiers in aiding diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting treatment response in MDS, and touches on the need for extensive and collaborative research using single-cell technologies and multi-omics to test the clinical utility of epigenetic markers for MDS patients in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:20:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8bc054452f714ada95e0a6ece078a278 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:20:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-8bc054452f714ada95e0a6ece078a2782023-11-20T18:32:44ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-10-011211312810.3390/cancers12113128Unravelling the Epigenome of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Response to TherapyDanielle R. Bond0Heather J. Lee1Anoop K. Enjeti2Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, AustraliaFaculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, AustraliaDepartment of Haematology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW 2298, AustraliaMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a malignancy that disrupts normal blood cell production and commonly affects our ageing population. MDS patients are diagnosed using an invasive bone marrow biopsy and high-risk MDS patients are treated with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) such as decitabine and azacytidine. However, these therapies are only effective in 50% of patients, and many develop resistance to therapy, often resulting in bone marrow failure or leukemic transformation. Therefore, there is a strong need for less invasive, diagnostic tests for MDS, novel markers that can predict response to therapy and/or patient prognosis to aid treatment stratification, as well as new and effective therapeutics to enhance patient quality of life and survival. Epigenetic modifiers such as DNA methylation, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are perturbed in MDS blasts and the bone marrow micro-environment, influencing disease progression and response to therapy. This review focusses on the potential utility of epigenetic modifiers in aiding diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting treatment response in MDS, and touches on the need for extensive and collaborative research using single-cell technologies and multi-omics to test the clinical utility of epigenetic markers for MDS patients in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/11/3128myelodysplastic syndromeDNA methylationlong non-coding RNAmicro-RNAdiagnosisprognosis |
| spellingShingle | Danielle R. Bond Heather J. Lee Anoop K. Enjeti Unravelling the Epigenome of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Response to Therapy Cancers myelodysplastic syndrome DNA methylation long non-coding RNA micro-RNA diagnosis prognosis |
| title | Unravelling the Epigenome of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Response to Therapy |
| title_full | Unravelling the Epigenome of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Response to Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Unravelling the Epigenome of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Response to Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unravelling the Epigenome of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Response to Therapy |
| title_short | Unravelling the Epigenome of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Response to Therapy |
| title_sort | unravelling the epigenome of myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosis prognosis and response to therapy |
| topic | myelodysplastic syndrome DNA methylation long non-coding RNA micro-RNA diagnosis prognosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/11/3128 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT daniellerbond unravellingtheepigenomeofmyelodysplasticsyndromediagnosisprognosisandresponsetotherapy AT heatherjlee unravellingtheepigenomeofmyelodysplasticsyndromediagnosisprognosisandresponsetotherapy AT anoopkenjeti unravellingtheepigenomeofmyelodysplasticsyndromediagnosisprognosisandresponsetotherapy |