Development of Yorkshire Terrier Dentition
The development of dentition in dogs has been associated with several problems including tooth over-crowding, missing permanent dentition, and persistent deciduous teeth (PDT). Information on dentition development in different breeds is lacking. This study of 61 Yorkshire terriers aimed to determine...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/7/406 |
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| author | Corrin Wallis Francesca Solmi Ilaria Pesci Neil Desforges Lucy J. Holcombe |
| author_facet | Corrin Wallis Francesca Solmi Ilaria Pesci Neil Desforges Lucy J. Holcombe |
| author_sort | Corrin Wallis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of dentition in dogs has been associated with several problems including tooth over-crowding, missing permanent dentition, and persistent deciduous teeth (PDT). Information on dentition development in different breeds is lacking. This study of 61 Yorkshire terriers aimed to determine the (i) average age at deciduous tooth exfoliation, (ii) average age at permanent tooth eruption, (iii) PDT incidence, and influencing factors such as body weight. The ages of exfoliation of deciduous teeth and eruption of permanent dentition were influenced by body weight and tooth type. These dentition changes tended to occur later in dogs ≤ 3 kg versus dogs > 5 kg. Generally, incisors were exfoliated first, followed by premolars and then canines. At a body weight of 4.5 kg, the middle of the data range, the estimated age at loss of deciduous teeth (with 95% confidence intervals) was 21.9 (21.1, 22.9) weeks for incisors, 26.1 (24.9, 27.4) weeks for canines, and 23.9 (22.9, 24.9) weeks for premolar. The estimated age at eruption of permanent dentition was 22.3 (21.6, 23.0) weeks for incisors, 23.8 (23.0, 24.6) weeks for canines, 24.7 (24.0, 25.5) weeks for premolars, and 26.4 (25.5, 27.3) for molar teeth. However, this sequence was disrupted in dogs ≤ 3 kg. Yorkshire terriers had a high incidence of PDT. At a body weight of 4.5 kg, the estimated proportion of PDT was: incisors 0.86% (0.32, 2.31), canines 15.62% (7.62, 29.37) and premolars 3.57% (1.62, 7.66). Canines constituted the most frequently retained tooth type, with 89.1% retained in dogs ≤ 3 kg compared to 12.0% in dogs > 5 kg. This information will enable veterinarians to provide personalised advice regarding the oral care requirements for Yorkshire terriers and highlights the need to regularly monitor this breed between the ages of two and seven months, during the active phases of tooth development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:34:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8bc1ef9b9682478ea3b901d67eeb54a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:34:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8bc1ef9b9682478ea3b901d67eeb54a82023-11-18T21:42:08ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812023-06-0110740610.3390/vetsci10070406Development of Yorkshire Terrier DentitionCorrin Wallis0Francesca Solmi1Ilaria Pesci2Neil Desforges3Lucy J. Holcombe4Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UKInteruniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-Biostat), Data Science, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, BelgiumWaltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UKWaltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UKWaltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UKThe development of dentition in dogs has been associated with several problems including tooth over-crowding, missing permanent dentition, and persistent deciduous teeth (PDT). Information on dentition development in different breeds is lacking. This study of 61 Yorkshire terriers aimed to determine the (i) average age at deciduous tooth exfoliation, (ii) average age at permanent tooth eruption, (iii) PDT incidence, and influencing factors such as body weight. The ages of exfoliation of deciduous teeth and eruption of permanent dentition were influenced by body weight and tooth type. These dentition changes tended to occur later in dogs ≤ 3 kg versus dogs > 5 kg. Generally, incisors were exfoliated first, followed by premolars and then canines. At a body weight of 4.5 kg, the middle of the data range, the estimated age at loss of deciduous teeth (with 95% confidence intervals) was 21.9 (21.1, 22.9) weeks for incisors, 26.1 (24.9, 27.4) weeks for canines, and 23.9 (22.9, 24.9) weeks for premolar. The estimated age at eruption of permanent dentition was 22.3 (21.6, 23.0) weeks for incisors, 23.8 (23.0, 24.6) weeks for canines, 24.7 (24.0, 25.5) weeks for premolars, and 26.4 (25.5, 27.3) for molar teeth. However, this sequence was disrupted in dogs ≤ 3 kg. Yorkshire terriers had a high incidence of PDT. At a body weight of 4.5 kg, the estimated proportion of PDT was: incisors 0.86% (0.32, 2.31), canines 15.62% (7.62, 29.37) and premolars 3.57% (1.62, 7.66). Canines constituted the most frequently retained tooth type, with 89.1% retained in dogs ≤ 3 kg compared to 12.0% in dogs > 5 kg. This information will enable veterinarians to provide personalised advice regarding the oral care requirements for Yorkshire terriers and highlights the need to regularly monitor this breed between the ages of two and seven months, during the active phases of tooth development.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/7/406dentition developmentdogYorkshire terrierpersistent deciduous teethbody weight |
| spellingShingle | Corrin Wallis Francesca Solmi Ilaria Pesci Neil Desforges Lucy J. Holcombe Development of Yorkshire Terrier Dentition Veterinary Sciences dentition development dog Yorkshire terrier persistent deciduous teeth body weight |
| title | Development of Yorkshire Terrier Dentition |
| title_full | Development of Yorkshire Terrier Dentition |
| title_fullStr | Development of Yorkshire Terrier Dentition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Yorkshire Terrier Dentition |
| title_short | Development of Yorkshire Terrier Dentition |
| title_sort | development of yorkshire terrier dentition |
| topic | dentition development dog Yorkshire terrier persistent deciduous teeth body weight |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/7/406 |
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