Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content of Seed Oil, and Nutritional Analysis of Seed Cake of Wood Apple (<i>Limonia acidissima</i> L.), an Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree Species
The present study was aimed at analyzing the fatty acid composition, tocopherols, and physico-chemical characterization of wood apple (<i>Limonia acidissima</i> L.) seed oil and the nutritional profile of seed cake. The fatty acids in seed oil were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spe...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/9/275 |
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| author | Shrinivas Lamani Konerira Aiyappa Anu-Appaiah Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy Yaser Hassan Dewir Hail Z. Rihan |
| author_facet | Shrinivas Lamani Konerira Aiyappa Anu-Appaiah Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy Yaser Hassan Dewir Hail Z. Rihan |
| author_sort | Shrinivas Lamani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study was aimed at analyzing the fatty acid composition, tocopherols, and physico-chemical characterization of wood apple (<i>Limonia acidissima</i> L.) seed oil and the nutritional profile of seed cake. The fatty acids in seed oil were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the total seed oil was 32.02 ± 0.08%, comprising oleic (21.56 ± 0.57%), alpha-linolenic (16.28 ± 0.29%), and linoleic acid (10.02 ± 0.43%), whereas saturated fatty acid content was 33.38 ± 0.60% including palmitic (17.68 ± 0.65%) and stearic acid (14.15 ± 0.27%). A greater amount of unsaturated fatty acids (52.37%) were noticed compared to saturated fatty acids (33.38%); hence the seed is highly suitable for nutritional and industrial applications. Gamma-tocopherol was present in a higher quantity (39.27 ± 0.07 mg/100 g) as compared to alpha (12.64 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) and delta (3.77 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) tocopherols, which are considered as natural antioxidants. The spectrophotometric technique was used for quantitative analysis of total phenolic content, and it revealed 135.42 ± 1.47 mg gallic acid equivalent /100 g DW in seed cake. All the results of the studied seed oil and cake showed a good source of natural functional ingredients for several health benefits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:36:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8bc7a897a68b43f69416844b1c15e24f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:36:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-8bc7a897a68b43f69416844b1c15e24f2023-11-22T13:20:59ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242021-09-017927510.3390/horticulturae7090275Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content of Seed Oil, and Nutritional Analysis of Seed Cake of Wood Apple (<i>Limonia acidissima</i> L.), an Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree SpeciesShrinivas Lamani0Konerira Aiyappa Anu-Appaiah1Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy2Yaser Hassan Dewir3Hail Z. Rihan4Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru 570020, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, IndiaPlant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Environment, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UKThe present study was aimed at analyzing the fatty acid composition, tocopherols, and physico-chemical characterization of wood apple (<i>Limonia acidissima</i> L.) seed oil and the nutritional profile of seed cake. The fatty acids in seed oil were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the total seed oil was 32.02 ± 0.08%, comprising oleic (21.56 ± 0.57%), alpha-linolenic (16.28 ± 0.29%), and linoleic acid (10.02 ± 0.43%), whereas saturated fatty acid content was 33.38 ± 0.60% including palmitic (17.68 ± 0.65%) and stearic acid (14.15 ± 0.27%). A greater amount of unsaturated fatty acids (52.37%) were noticed compared to saturated fatty acids (33.38%); hence the seed is highly suitable for nutritional and industrial applications. Gamma-tocopherol was present in a higher quantity (39.27 ± 0.07 mg/100 g) as compared to alpha (12.64 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) and delta (3.77 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) tocopherols, which are considered as natural antioxidants. The spectrophotometric technique was used for quantitative analysis of total phenolic content, and it revealed 135.42 ± 1.47 mg gallic acid equivalent /100 g DW in seed cake. All the results of the studied seed oil and cake showed a good source of natural functional ingredients for several health benefits.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/9/275wood applefatty acid profiletocopherolnutritionalphenolicsGC-MS |
| spellingShingle | Shrinivas Lamani Konerira Aiyappa Anu-Appaiah Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy Yaser Hassan Dewir Hail Z. Rihan Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content of Seed Oil, and Nutritional Analysis of Seed Cake of Wood Apple (<i>Limonia acidissima</i> L.), an Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree Species Horticulturae wood apple fatty acid profile tocopherol nutritional phenolics GC-MS |
| title | Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content of Seed Oil, and Nutritional Analysis of Seed Cake of Wood Apple (<i>Limonia acidissima</i> L.), an Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree Species |
| title_full | Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content of Seed Oil, and Nutritional Analysis of Seed Cake of Wood Apple (<i>Limonia acidissima</i> L.), an Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree Species |
| title_fullStr | Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content of Seed Oil, and Nutritional Analysis of Seed Cake of Wood Apple (<i>Limonia acidissima</i> L.), an Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content of Seed Oil, and Nutritional Analysis of Seed Cake of Wood Apple (<i>Limonia acidissima</i> L.), an Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree Species |
| title_short | Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content of Seed Oil, and Nutritional Analysis of Seed Cake of Wood Apple (<i>Limonia acidissima</i> L.), an Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree Species |
| title_sort | fatty acid profile tocopherol content of seed oil and nutritional analysis of seed cake of wood apple i limonia acidissima i l an underutilized fruit yielding tree species |
| topic | wood apple fatty acid profile tocopherol nutritional phenolics GC-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/9/275 |
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