Bragg Grating Assisted Sagnac Interferometer in SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Polarization-Maintaining Fiber for Strain–Temperature Discrimination
Polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) have always received great attention in fiber optic communication systems and components which are sensitive to polarization. Moreover, they are widely applied for high-accuracy detection and sensing devices, such as fiber gyroscope, electric/magnetic sensors,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4772 |
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| author | Zhifang Wu Peili Wu Maryna Kudinova Hailiang Zhang Perry Ping Shum Xuguang Shao Georges Humbert Jean-Louis Auguste Xuan Quyen Dinh Jixiong Pu |
| author_facet | Zhifang Wu Peili Wu Maryna Kudinova Hailiang Zhang Perry Ping Shum Xuguang Shao Georges Humbert Jean-Louis Auguste Xuan Quyen Dinh Jixiong Pu |
| author_sort | Zhifang Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) have always received great attention in fiber optic communication systems and components which are sensitive to polarization. Moreover, they are widely applied for high-accuracy detection and sensing devices, such as fiber gyroscope, electric/magnetic sensors, multi-parameter sensors, and so on. Here, we demonstrated the combination of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and Sagnac interference in the same section of a new type of PANDA-structure PMF for the simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature. This specialty PMF features two stress-applied parts made of lanthanum-aluminum co-doped silicate (SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, SAL) glass, which has a higher thermal expansion coefficient than borosilicate glass used commonly in commercial PMFs. Furthermore, the FBG inscribed in this SAL PMF not only aids the device in discriminating strain and temperature, but also calibrates the phase birefringence of the SAL PMF more precisely thanks to the much narrower bandwidth of grating peaks. By analyzing the variation of wavelength interval between two FBG peaks, the underlying mechanism of the phase birefringence responding to temperature and strain is revealed. It explains exactly the sensing behavior of the SAL PMF based Sagnac interference dip. A numerical simulation on the SAL PMF’s internal stress and consequent modal effective refractive indices was performed to double confirm the calibration of fiber’s phase birefringence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:55:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8be5c44b89ee4341b333039708208c50 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:55:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-8be5c44b89ee4341b333039708208c502023-11-20T11:09:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-08-012017477210.3390/s20174772Bragg Grating Assisted Sagnac Interferometer in SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Polarization-Maintaining Fiber for Strain–Temperature DiscriminationZhifang Wu0Peili Wu1Maryna Kudinova2Hailiang Zhang3Perry Ping Shum4Xuguang Shao5Georges Humbert6Jean-Louis Auguste7Xuan Quyen Dinh8Jixiong Pu9Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, SingaporeXLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, FranceSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, SingaporeSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, SingaporeSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, SingaporeXLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, FranceXLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, FranceSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, SingaporeFujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaPolarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) have always received great attention in fiber optic communication systems and components which are sensitive to polarization. Moreover, they are widely applied for high-accuracy detection and sensing devices, such as fiber gyroscope, electric/magnetic sensors, multi-parameter sensors, and so on. Here, we demonstrated the combination of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and Sagnac interference in the same section of a new type of PANDA-structure PMF for the simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature. This specialty PMF features two stress-applied parts made of lanthanum-aluminum co-doped silicate (SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, SAL) glass, which has a higher thermal expansion coefficient than borosilicate glass used commonly in commercial PMFs. Furthermore, the FBG inscribed in this SAL PMF not only aids the device in discriminating strain and temperature, but also calibrates the phase birefringence of the SAL PMF more precisely thanks to the much narrower bandwidth of grating peaks. By analyzing the variation of wavelength interval between two FBG peaks, the underlying mechanism of the phase birefringence responding to temperature and strain is revealed. It explains exactly the sensing behavior of the SAL PMF based Sagnac interference dip. A numerical simulation on the SAL PMF’s internal stress and consequent modal effective refractive indices was performed to double confirm the calibration of fiber’s phase birefringence.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4772lanthanum-aluminum silicate glasspolarization-maintaining fiberfiber Bragg gratingSagnac interferometer |
| spellingShingle | Zhifang Wu Peili Wu Maryna Kudinova Hailiang Zhang Perry Ping Shum Xuguang Shao Georges Humbert Jean-Louis Auguste Xuan Quyen Dinh Jixiong Pu Bragg Grating Assisted Sagnac Interferometer in SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Polarization-Maintaining Fiber for Strain–Temperature Discrimination Sensors lanthanum-aluminum silicate glass polarization-maintaining fiber fiber Bragg grating Sagnac interferometer |
| title | Bragg Grating Assisted Sagnac Interferometer in SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Polarization-Maintaining Fiber for Strain–Temperature Discrimination |
| title_full | Bragg Grating Assisted Sagnac Interferometer in SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Polarization-Maintaining Fiber for Strain–Temperature Discrimination |
| title_fullStr | Bragg Grating Assisted Sagnac Interferometer in SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Polarization-Maintaining Fiber for Strain–Temperature Discrimination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bragg Grating Assisted Sagnac Interferometer in SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Polarization-Maintaining Fiber for Strain–Temperature Discrimination |
| title_short | Bragg Grating Assisted Sagnac Interferometer in SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Polarization-Maintaining Fiber for Strain–Temperature Discrimination |
| title_sort | bragg grating assisted sagnac interferometer in sio sub 2 sub al sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub la sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub polarization maintaining fiber for strain temperature discrimination |
| topic | lanthanum-aluminum silicate glass polarization-maintaining fiber fiber Bragg grating Sagnac interferometer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4772 |
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