Reduced Levels of Lacrimal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Focal Epilepsy with Comorbid Depression: A Biomarker Candidate
Our previous studies showed that in patients with brain diseases, neurotrophic factors in lacrimal fluid (LF) may change more prominently than in blood serum (BS). Since glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is involved in the control of neuronal networks in an epileptic brain, we aimed...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/16818 |
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| author | Alexander A. Shpak Flora K. Rider Tatiana A. Druzhkova Marina Y. Zhanina Sofya B. Popova Alla B. Guekht Natalia V. Gulyaeva |
| author_facet | Alexander A. Shpak Flora K. Rider Tatiana A. Druzhkova Marina Y. Zhanina Sofya B. Popova Alla B. Guekht Natalia V. Gulyaeva |
| author_sort | Alexander A. Shpak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Our previous studies showed that in patients with brain diseases, neurotrophic factors in lacrimal fluid (LF) may change more prominently than in blood serum (BS). Since glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is involved in the control of neuronal networks in an epileptic brain, we aimed to assess the GDNF levels in LF and BS as well as the BDNF and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical and inflammation indices in BS of patients with focal epilepsy (FE) and epilepsy and comorbid depression (FE + MDD) and to compare them with those of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HC). GDNF levels in BS were similar in patients and HC and higher in FE taking valproates. GDNF levels in LF were significantly lower in all patient groups compared to controls, and independent of drugs used. GDNF concentrations in LF and BS positively correlated in HC, but not in patient groups. BDNF level was lower in BS of patients compared with HC and higher in FE + MDD taking valproates. A reduction in the GDNF level in LF might be an important biomarker of FE. Logistic regression models demonstrated that the probability of FE can be evaluated using GDNF in LF and BDNF in BS; that of MDD using GDNF in LF and cortisol and TNF-α in BS; and that of epilepsy with MDD using GDNF in LF and TNF-α and BDNF in BS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:50:01Z |
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| id | doaj.art-8be69c95bd024218924e13e57f372c35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:50:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8be69c95bd024218924e13e57f372c352023-12-08T15:17:16ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-11-0124231681810.3390/ijms242316818Reduced Levels of Lacrimal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Focal Epilepsy with Comorbid Depression: A Biomarker CandidateAlexander A. Shpak0Flora K. Rider1Tatiana A. Druzhkova2Marina Y. Zhanina3Sofya B. Popova4Alla B. Guekht5Natalia V. Gulyaeva6The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 127486 Moscow, RussiaMoscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, RussiaMoscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, RussiaMoscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, RussiaMoscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, RussiaMoscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, RussiaMoscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, RussiaOur previous studies showed that in patients with brain diseases, neurotrophic factors in lacrimal fluid (LF) may change more prominently than in blood serum (BS). Since glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is involved in the control of neuronal networks in an epileptic brain, we aimed to assess the GDNF levels in LF and BS as well as the BDNF and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical and inflammation indices in BS of patients with focal epilepsy (FE) and epilepsy and comorbid depression (FE + MDD) and to compare them with those of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HC). GDNF levels in BS were similar in patients and HC and higher in FE taking valproates. GDNF levels in LF were significantly lower in all patient groups compared to controls, and independent of drugs used. GDNF concentrations in LF and BS positively correlated in HC, but not in patient groups. BDNF level was lower in BS of patients compared with HC and higher in FE + MDD taking valproates. A reduction in the GDNF level in LF might be an important biomarker of FE. Logistic regression models demonstrated that the probability of FE can be evaluated using GDNF in LF and BDNF in BS; that of MDD using GDNF in LF and cortisol and TNF-α in BS; and that of epilepsy with MDD using GDNF in LF and TNF-α and BDNF in BS.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/16818glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factorbrain-derived neurotrophic factorcortisoltumor necrosis factor-αlacrimal fluidblood serum |
| spellingShingle | Alexander A. Shpak Flora K. Rider Tatiana A. Druzhkova Marina Y. Zhanina Sofya B. Popova Alla B. Guekht Natalia V. Gulyaeva Reduced Levels of Lacrimal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Focal Epilepsy with Comorbid Depression: A Biomarker Candidate International Journal of Molecular Sciences glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor cortisol tumor necrosis factor-α lacrimal fluid blood serum |
| title | Reduced Levels of Lacrimal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Focal Epilepsy with Comorbid Depression: A Biomarker Candidate |
| title_full | Reduced Levels of Lacrimal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Focal Epilepsy with Comorbid Depression: A Biomarker Candidate |
| title_fullStr | Reduced Levels of Lacrimal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Focal Epilepsy with Comorbid Depression: A Biomarker Candidate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduced Levels of Lacrimal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Focal Epilepsy with Comorbid Depression: A Biomarker Candidate |
| title_short | Reduced Levels of Lacrimal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Focal Epilepsy with Comorbid Depression: A Biomarker Candidate |
| title_sort | reduced levels of lacrimal glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor gdnf in patients with focal epilepsy and focal epilepsy with comorbid depression a biomarker candidate |
| topic | glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor cortisol tumor necrosis factor-α lacrimal fluid blood serum |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/16818 |
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