Structural Features and Water Resistance of Glass–Matrix Composites in a System of RNO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Containing Different Additives
Low-temperature (350 °C) vitrification in a KNO<sub>3</sub>-NaNO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> system, containing various additives to improve the chemical durability of the obtained mate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/4/851 |
| _version_ | 1797604251038384128 |
|---|---|
| author | Alexander Gorokhovsky Igor Burmistrov Denis Kuznetsov Alexander Gusev Bekzod Khaydarov Nikolay Kiselev Elena Boychenko Evgeny Kolesnikov Ksenia Prokopovich |
| author_facet | Alexander Gorokhovsky Igor Burmistrov Denis Kuznetsov Alexander Gusev Bekzod Khaydarov Nikolay Kiselev Elena Boychenko Evgeny Kolesnikov Ksenia Prokopovich |
| author_sort | Alexander Gorokhovsky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low-temperature (350 °C) vitrification in a KNO<sub>3</sub>-NaNO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> system, containing various additives to improve the chemical durability of the obtained material, was investigated. It was shown that a glass-forming system with 4.2–8.4 wt.% Al nitrate admixtures could form stable and transparent glasses, whereas the addition of H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> produced a glass–matrix composite containing BPO<sub>4</sub> crystalline inclusions. Mg nitrate admixtures inhibited the vitrification process and only allowed obtaining glass–matrix composites with combinations with Al nitrate and boric acid. Using ICP and low-energy EDS point analyses, it was recognized that all the obtained materials contained nitrate ions in their structure. Various combinations of the abovementioned additives favored liquid phase immiscibility and crystallization of BPO<sub>4</sub>, KMgH(PO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, with some unidentified crystalline phases in the melt. The mechanism of the vitrification processes taking place in the investigated systems, as well as the water resistance of the obtained materials, was analyzed. It was shown that the glass–matrix composites based on the (K,Na)NO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> glass-forming system, containing Al and Mg nitrates and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> additives, had increased water resistance, in comparison with the parent glass composition, and could be used as controlled-release fertilizers containing the main useful nutrients (K, P, N, Na, S, B, and Mg). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:43:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8becf8bdc41b4967a82714d11a4afca4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:43:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-8becf8bdc41b4967a82714d11a4afca42023-11-17T20:30:16ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-04-0114485110.3390/mi14040851Structural Features and Water Resistance of Glass–Matrix Composites in a System of RNO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Containing Different AdditivesAlexander Gorokhovsky0Igor Burmistrov1Denis Kuznetsov2Alexander Gusev3Bekzod Khaydarov4Nikolay Kiselev5Elena Boychenko6Evgeny Kolesnikov7Ksenia Prokopovich8Department of Functional Nanosystems and High Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Functional Nanosystems and High Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Functional Nanosystems and High Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Functional Nanosystems and High Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Functional Nanosystems and High Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Functional Nanosystems and High Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Functional Nanosystems and High Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Functional Nanosystems and High Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Functional Nanosystems and High Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, RussiaLow-temperature (350 °C) vitrification in a KNO<sub>3</sub>-NaNO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> system, containing various additives to improve the chemical durability of the obtained material, was investigated. It was shown that a glass-forming system with 4.2–8.4 wt.% Al nitrate admixtures could form stable and transparent glasses, whereas the addition of H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> produced a glass–matrix composite containing BPO<sub>4</sub> crystalline inclusions. Mg nitrate admixtures inhibited the vitrification process and only allowed obtaining glass–matrix composites with combinations with Al nitrate and boric acid. Using ICP and low-energy EDS point analyses, it was recognized that all the obtained materials contained nitrate ions in their structure. Various combinations of the abovementioned additives favored liquid phase immiscibility and crystallization of BPO<sub>4</sub>, KMgH(PO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, with some unidentified crystalline phases in the melt. The mechanism of the vitrification processes taking place in the investigated systems, as well as the water resistance of the obtained materials, was analyzed. It was shown that the glass–matrix composites based on the (K,Na)NO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> glass-forming system, containing Al and Mg nitrates and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> additives, had increased water resistance, in comparison with the parent glass composition, and could be used as controlled-release fertilizers containing the main useful nutrients (K, P, N, Na, S, B, and Mg).https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/4/851nitrate-sulfate-phosphate glassesvitrificationstructurewater resistance |
| spellingShingle | Alexander Gorokhovsky Igor Burmistrov Denis Kuznetsov Alexander Gusev Bekzod Khaydarov Nikolay Kiselev Elena Boychenko Evgeny Kolesnikov Ksenia Prokopovich Structural Features and Water Resistance of Glass–Matrix Composites in a System of RNO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Containing Different Additives Micromachines nitrate-sulfate-phosphate glasses vitrification structure water resistance |
| title | Structural Features and Water Resistance of Glass–Matrix Composites in a System of RNO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Containing Different Additives |
| title_full | Structural Features and Water Resistance of Glass–Matrix Composites in a System of RNO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Containing Different Additives |
| title_fullStr | Structural Features and Water Resistance of Glass–Matrix Composites in a System of RNO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Containing Different Additives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural Features and Water Resistance of Glass–Matrix Composites in a System of RNO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Containing Different Additives |
| title_short | Structural Features and Water Resistance of Glass–Matrix Composites in a System of RNO<sub>3</sub>-KHSO<sub>4</sub>-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Containing Different Additives |
| title_sort | structural features and water resistance of glass matrix composites in a system of rno sub 3 sub khso sub 4 sub p sub 2 sub o sub 5 sub containing different additives |
| topic | nitrate-sulfate-phosphate glasses vitrification structure water resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/4/851 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alexandergorokhovsky structuralfeaturesandwaterresistanceofglassmatrixcompositesinasystemofrnosub3subkhsosub4subpsub2subosub5subcontainingdifferentadditives AT igorburmistrov structuralfeaturesandwaterresistanceofglassmatrixcompositesinasystemofrnosub3subkhsosub4subpsub2subosub5subcontainingdifferentadditives AT deniskuznetsov structuralfeaturesandwaterresistanceofglassmatrixcompositesinasystemofrnosub3subkhsosub4subpsub2subosub5subcontainingdifferentadditives AT alexandergusev structuralfeaturesandwaterresistanceofglassmatrixcompositesinasystemofrnosub3subkhsosub4subpsub2subosub5subcontainingdifferentadditives AT bekzodkhaydarov structuralfeaturesandwaterresistanceofglassmatrixcompositesinasystemofrnosub3subkhsosub4subpsub2subosub5subcontainingdifferentadditives AT nikolaykiselev structuralfeaturesandwaterresistanceofglassmatrixcompositesinasystemofrnosub3subkhsosub4subpsub2subosub5subcontainingdifferentadditives AT elenaboychenko structuralfeaturesandwaterresistanceofglassmatrixcompositesinasystemofrnosub3subkhsosub4subpsub2subosub5subcontainingdifferentadditives AT evgenykolesnikov structuralfeaturesandwaterresistanceofglassmatrixcompositesinasystemofrnosub3subkhsosub4subpsub2subosub5subcontainingdifferentadditives AT kseniaprokopovich structuralfeaturesandwaterresistanceofglassmatrixcompositesinasystemofrnosub3subkhsosub4subpsub2subosub5subcontainingdifferentadditives |