Household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk: a community-based survey in the Limpopo River Valley, 2020, South Africa
Abstract Background Over the past decade, implementation of multiple malaria control strategies in most countries has largely contributed to advance the global malaria elimination agenda. Nevertheless, in some regions, seasonal epidemics may adversely affect the health of local populations. In South...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04585-4 |
| _version_ | 1797823024404103168 |
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| author | Sean M. Patrick Marc-Karim Bendiane Taneshka Kruger Bernice N. Harris Megan A. Riddin Helene Trehard Christiaan de Jager Riana Bornman Jean Gaudart |
| author_facet | Sean M. Patrick Marc-Karim Bendiane Taneshka Kruger Bernice N. Harris Megan A. Riddin Helene Trehard Christiaan de Jager Riana Bornman Jean Gaudart |
| author_sort | Sean M. Patrick |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Over the past decade, implementation of multiple malaria control strategies in most countries has largely contributed to advance the global malaria elimination agenda. Nevertheless, in some regions, seasonal epidemics may adversely affect the health of local populations. In South Africa, Plasmodium falciparum malaria is still present, with the Vhembe District experiencing an incidence rate of 3.79 cases/1000 person-years in 2018, particularly in the Limpopo River Valley, bordering Zimbabwe. To elucidate the complexity of the mechanisms involved in local regular malaria outbreaks, a community-based survey was implemented in 2020 that focused on the relationship between housing conditions and malaria risky behaviours. Methods The community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among the population of three study sites in the Vhembe District, which were selected based on malaria incidence rate, social and health characteristics of inhabitants. The household survey used a random sampling strategy, where data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires and field notes; to described the housing conditions (housing questionnaire), and focus on individual behaviours of household members. Statistical analyses were performed combining hierarchical classifications and logistic regressions. Results In this study, 398 households were described, covering a population of 1681 inhabitants of all ages, and 439 adults who participated in community-based survey. The analysis of situations at risk of malaria showed that the influence of contextual factors, particularly those defined by the type of habitat, was significant. Housing conditions and poor living environments were factors of malaria exposure and history, regardless of site of investigation, individual preventive behaviours and personal characteristics of inhabitants. Multivariate models showed that, considering all personal characteristics or behaviours of inhabitants, housing conditions such as overcrowding pressures were significantly associated with individual malaria risk. Conclusions The results showed the overwhelming weight of social and contextual factors on risk situations. Considering the Fundamental Causes Theory, malaria control policies based on health behaviour prevention, should reinforce access to care or promoting health education actions. Overarching economic development interventions in targeted geographical areas and populations have to be implemented, so that malaria control and elimination strategies can be efficiently and effectively managed. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8bee425a0a45463da9c5ab4eb1fc2bfc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:17:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-8bee425a0a45463da9c5ab4eb1fc2bfc2023-05-21T11:09:25ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752023-05-0122111110.1186/s12936-023-04585-4Household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk: a community-based survey in the Limpopo River Valley, 2020, South AfricaSean M. Patrick0Marc-Karim Bendiane1Taneshka Kruger2Bernice N. Harris3Megan A. Riddin4Helene Trehard5Christiaan de Jager6Riana Bornman7Jean Gaudart8UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of PretoriaEconomics & Social Sciences Applied to Health & Medical Information Processing, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, ISSPAM, SESSTIMUP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of PretoriaUP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of PretoriaUP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of PretoriaEconomics & Social Sciences Applied to Health & Medical Information Processing, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, ISSPAM, SESSTIMUP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of PretoriaUP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of PretoriaAix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, APHM, ISSPAM, SESSTIM, UMR1252, Hospital La Timone, BioSTIC, Biostatistics & ICTAbstract Background Over the past decade, implementation of multiple malaria control strategies in most countries has largely contributed to advance the global malaria elimination agenda. Nevertheless, in some regions, seasonal epidemics may adversely affect the health of local populations. In South Africa, Plasmodium falciparum malaria is still present, with the Vhembe District experiencing an incidence rate of 3.79 cases/1000 person-years in 2018, particularly in the Limpopo River Valley, bordering Zimbabwe. To elucidate the complexity of the mechanisms involved in local regular malaria outbreaks, a community-based survey was implemented in 2020 that focused on the relationship between housing conditions and malaria risky behaviours. Methods The community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among the population of three study sites in the Vhembe District, which were selected based on malaria incidence rate, social and health characteristics of inhabitants. The household survey used a random sampling strategy, where data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires and field notes; to described the housing conditions (housing questionnaire), and focus on individual behaviours of household members. Statistical analyses were performed combining hierarchical classifications and logistic regressions. Results In this study, 398 households were described, covering a population of 1681 inhabitants of all ages, and 439 adults who participated in community-based survey. The analysis of situations at risk of malaria showed that the influence of contextual factors, particularly those defined by the type of habitat, was significant. Housing conditions and poor living environments were factors of malaria exposure and history, regardless of site of investigation, individual preventive behaviours and personal characteristics of inhabitants. Multivariate models showed that, considering all personal characteristics or behaviours of inhabitants, housing conditions such as overcrowding pressures were significantly associated with individual malaria risk. Conclusions The results showed the overwhelming weight of social and contextual factors on risk situations. Considering the Fundamental Causes Theory, malaria control policies based on health behaviour prevention, should reinforce access to care or promoting health education actions. Overarching economic development interventions in targeted geographical areas and populations have to be implemented, so that malaria control and elimination strategies can be efficiently and effectively managed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04585-4MalariaLimpopoSouth AfricaBorderCommunity-based surveyHealth Behaviors |
| spellingShingle | Sean M. Patrick Marc-Karim Bendiane Taneshka Kruger Bernice N. Harris Megan A. Riddin Helene Trehard Christiaan de Jager Riana Bornman Jean Gaudart Household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk: a community-based survey in the Limpopo River Valley, 2020, South Africa Malaria Journal Malaria Limpopo South Africa Border Community-based survey Health Behaviors |
| title | Household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk: a community-based survey in the Limpopo River Valley, 2020, South Africa |
| title_full | Household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk: a community-based survey in the Limpopo River Valley, 2020, South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk: a community-based survey in the Limpopo River Valley, 2020, South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk: a community-based survey in the Limpopo River Valley, 2020, South Africa |
| title_short | Household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk: a community-based survey in the Limpopo River Valley, 2020, South Africa |
| title_sort | household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk a community based survey in the limpopo river valley 2020 south africa |
| topic | Malaria Limpopo South Africa Border Community-based survey Health Behaviors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04585-4 |
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