Tailoring Surface Chemistry of Sugar-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbons towards Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aquatic Environments
Ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3), obtained from an abundant natural source, sugar, was thermochemically modified with dicyandiamide and thiourea as well as by classical oxidization with hydrogen peroxide to introduce specific surface groups. Thermochemical modifications resulted in carbon with almo...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-04-01
|
Series: | Materials |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/7/1625 |
_version_ | 1797571754014539776 |
---|---|
author | Rafał Olchowski Emil Zięba Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis Ioannis Anastopoulos Ryszard Dobrowolski Mariusz Barczak |
author_facet | Rafał Olchowski Emil Zięba Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis Ioannis Anastopoulos Ryszard Dobrowolski Mariusz Barczak |
author_sort | Rafał Olchowski |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3), obtained from an abundant natural source, sugar, was thermochemically modified with dicyandiamide and thiourea as well as by classical oxidization with hydrogen peroxide to introduce specific surface groups. Thermochemical modifications resulted in carbon with almost unchanged porosity and altered surface chemistry while porosity of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-treated carbon was seriously deteriorated. The obtained carbons were tested as sorbents of diclofenac, considered as one of the emerging water contaminants. Changes in porosity and surface chemistry of modified carbons resulted in significant differences with regard to the uptake of diclofenac. Dicyandiamide-modified carbon showed highest uptake of drugs, reaching 241 mg g<sup>−1</sup> that is attributed to its developed microporosity as well as surface chemistry composed of basic groups facilitating electrostatic interactions with diclofenac anions. Desorption study showed that diclofenac is strongly bonded, albeit with a different degree depending on the modification of the CMK-carbon. The obtained results were compared with up-to-date literature regarding sorption of diclofenac by carbon-based sorbents. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:45:00Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-8bf09e5a1fbb4eba8e51ce924256eb8d |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1996-1944 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:45:00Z |
publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Materials |
spelling | doaj.art-8bf09e5a1fbb4eba8e51ce924256eb8d2023-11-19T20:25:04ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-04-01137162510.3390/ma13071625Tailoring Surface Chemistry of Sugar-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbons towards Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aquatic EnvironmentsRafał Olchowski0Emil Zięba1Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis2Ioannis Anastopoulos3Ryszard Dobrowolski4Mariusz Barczak5Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, PolandConfocal and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Sq. 1J, 20-708 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54-124 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia CY-1678, CyprusDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, PolandOrdered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3), obtained from an abundant natural source, sugar, was thermochemically modified with dicyandiamide and thiourea as well as by classical oxidization with hydrogen peroxide to introduce specific surface groups. Thermochemical modifications resulted in carbon with almost unchanged porosity and altered surface chemistry while porosity of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-treated carbon was seriously deteriorated. The obtained carbons were tested as sorbents of diclofenac, considered as one of the emerging water contaminants. Changes in porosity and surface chemistry of modified carbons resulted in significant differences with regard to the uptake of diclofenac. Dicyandiamide-modified carbon showed highest uptake of drugs, reaching 241 mg g<sup>−1</sup> that is attributed to its developed microporosity as well as surface chemistry composed of basic groups facilitating electrostatic interactions with diclofenac anions. Desorption study showed that diclofenac is strongly bonded, albeit with a different degree depending on the modification of the CMK-carbon. The obtained results were compared with up-to-date literature regarding sorption of diclofenac by carbon-based sorbents.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/7/1625mesoporous carbonbioresourceswater remediationadsorptionpharmaceuticals |
spellingShingle | Rafał Olchowski Emil Zięba Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis Ioannis Anastopoulos Ryszard Dobrowolski Mariusz Barczak Tailoring Surface Chemistry of Sugar-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbons towards Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aquatic Environments Materials mesoporous carbon bioresources water remediation adsorption pharmaceuticals |
title | Tailoring Surface Chemistry of Sugar-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbons towards Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aquatic Environments |
title_full | Tailoring Surface Chemistry of Sugar-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbons towards Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aquatic Environments |
title_fullStr | Tailoring Surface Chemistry of Sugar-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbons towards Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aquatic Environments |
title_full_unstemmed | Tailoring Surface Chemistry of Sugar-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbons towards Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aquatic Environments |
title_short | Tailoring Surface Chemistry of Sugar-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbons towards Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aquatic Environments |
title_sort | tailoring surface chemistry of sugar derived ordered mesoporous carbons towards efficient removal of diclofenac from aquatic environments |
topic | mesoporous carbon bioresources water remediation adsorption pharmaceuticals |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/7/1625 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT rafałolchowski tailoringsurfacechemistryofsugarderivedorderedmesoporouscarbonstowardsefficientremovalofdiclofenacfromaquaticenvironments AT emilzieba tailoringsurfacechemistryofsugarderivedorderedmesoporouscarbonstowardsefficientremovalofdiclofenacfromaquaticenvironments AT dimitriosagiannakoudakis tailoringsurfacechemistryofsugarderivedorderedmesoporouscarbonstowardsefficientremovalofdiclofenacfromaquaticenvironments AT ioannisanastopoulos tailoringsurfacechemistryofsugarderivedorderedmesoporouscarbonstowardsefficientremovalofdiclofenacfromaquaticenvironments AT ryszarddobrowolski tailoringsurfacechemistryofsugarderivedorderedmesoporouscarbonstowardsefficientremovalofdiclofenacfromaquaticenvironments AT mariuszbarczak tailoringsurfacechemistryofsugarderivedorderedmesoporouscarbonstowardsefficientremovalofdiclofenacfromaquaticenvironments |