High-protein diet scores, macronutrient substitution, and breast cancer risk: insights from substitution analysis
Abstract Background Evidence from recent studies suggested that variation in the quantity and quality of macronutrients in the diet may potentially play a role in predicting the risk of breast cancer (BC). In the current study, we aimed to assess the association of different high-protein diet scores...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | BMC Women's Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-02959-7 |
| _version_ | 1797273399749246976 |
|---|---|
| author | Mitra Kazemi Jahromi Hamid Ahmadirad Hossein Farhadnejad Mostafa Norouzzadeh Ebrahim Mokhtari Farshad Teymoori Niloufar Saber Zeinab Heidari Parvin Mirmiran Bahram Rashidkhani |
| author_facet | Mitra Kazemi Jahromi Hamid Ahmadirad Hossein Farhadnejad Mostafa Norouzzadeh Ebrahim Mokhtari Farshad Teymoori Niloufar Saber Zeinab Heidari Parvin Mirmiran Bahram Rashidkhani |
| author_sort | Mitra Kazemi Jahromi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Evidence from recent studies suggested that variation in the quantity and quality of macronutrients in the diet may potentially play a role in predicting the risk of breast cancer (BC). In the current study, we aimed to assess the association of different high-protein diet scores and replacing fats and carbohydrate (CHO) with protein in the diet with the BC risk among Iranian women. Methods The current hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 401 participants, aged ≥ 30 years old, including 134 women in the case group who had been diagnosed with histologically confirmed BC and 267 women in the control group. Dietary intake data was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and high protein diet scores were determined. Logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of BC across tertiles of high protein diet scores. Also, we assessed how substituting protein with other macronutrients affected BC odds while adjusting for the various confounding variables. Results Participants’ mean ± SD of age and body mass index were 47.9 ± 10.3 years and 29.4 ± 5.5 kg/m2, respectively. The scores of high-protein-low-CHO and fat diet, high-protein and CHO-low-fat diet, and high-protein and fat-low-CHO diet in participants were 16.5 ± 3.8, 16.5 ± 6.7, and 16.4 ± 5.9, respectively. In the multivariable model, individuals in the highest tertile of high-protein-low-CHO and fat diet score (OR:0.71;95%CI:0.56–0.90) and high-protein and CHO-low-fat diet (OR:0.76;95%CI:0.60–0.97) had lower odds of BC compared to those in the lowest tertile (P < 0.05). However, no significant association was found between high-protein and fat-low-CHO diet and BC risk. Our results showed that replacing fat by protein (ORdifferences:-0.40;95%CI:-0.73,-0.07) and also replacing refined-CHO by plant protein (ORdifferences:-0.66;95%CI:-1.26,-0.07) in the diet are associated inversely with risk of BC(P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of our study suggested that higher adherence to a high-protein-low-CHO and fat diet, characterized by a higher intake of plant proteins and a lower intake of refined grains and saturated fat can play a protective role against the odds of BC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:42:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8bf8cd0e022642a984ce6a7028b684f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6874 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:42:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Women's Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-8bf8cd0e022642a984ce6a7028b684f22024-03-05T20:09:06ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742024-02-0124111010.1186/s12905-024-02959-7High-protein diet scores, macronutrient substitution, and breast cancer risk: insights from substitution analysisMitra Kazemi Jahromi0Hamid Ahmadirad1Hossein Farhadnejad2Mostafa Norouzzadeh3Ebrahim Mokhtari4Farshad Teymoori5Niloufar Saber6Zeinab Heidari7Parvin Mirmiran8Bahram Rashidkhani9Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Evidence from recent studies suggested that variation in the quantity and quality of macronutrients in the diet may potentially play a role in predicting the risk of breast cancer (BC). In the current study, we aimed to assess the association of different high-protein diet scores and replacing fats and carbohydrate (CHO) with protein in the diet with the BC risk among Iranian women. Methods The current hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 401 participants, aged ≥ 30 years old, including 134 women in the case group who had been diagnosed with histologically confirmed BC and 267 women in the control group. Dietary intake data was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and high protein diet scores were determined. Logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of BC across tertiles of high protein diet scores. Also, we assessed how substituting protein with other macronutrients affected BC odds while adjusting for the various confounding variables. Results Participants’ mean ± SD of age and body mass index were 47.9 ± 10.3 years and 29.4 ± 5.5 kg/m2, respectively. The scores of high-protein-low-CHO and fat diet, high-protein and CHO-low-fat diet, and high-protein and fat-low-CHO diet in participants were 16.5 ± 3.8, 16.5 ± 6.7, and 16.4 ± 5.9, respectively. In the multivariable model, individuals in the highest tertile of high-protein-low-CHO and fat diet score (OR:0.71;95%CI:0.56–0.90) and high-protein and CHO-low-fat diet (OR:0.76;95%CI:0.60–0.97) had lower odds of BC compared to those in the lowest tertile (P < 0.05). However, no significant association was found between high-protein and fat-low-CHO diet and BC risk. Our results showed that replacing fat by protein (ORdifferences:-0.40;95%CI:-0.73,-0.07) and also replacing refined-CHO by plant protein (ORdifferences:-0.66;95%CI:-1.26,-0.07) in the diet are associated inversely with risk of BC(P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of our study suggested that higher adherence to a high-protein-low-CHO and fat diet, characterized by a higher intake of plant proteins and a lower intake of refined grains and saturated fat can play a protective role against the odds of BC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-02959-7Dietary patternsHigh-proteinBreast cancerAdult |
| spellingShingle | Mitra Kazemi Jahromi Hamid Ahmadirad Hossein Farhadnejad Mostafa Norouzzadeh Ebrahim Mokhtari Farshad Teymoori Niloufar Saber Zeinab Heidari Parvin Mirmiran Bahram Rashidkhani High-protein diet scores, macronutrient substitution, and breast cancer risk: insights from substitution analysis BMC Women's Health Dietary patterns High-protein Breast cancer Adult |
| title | High-protein diet scores, macronutrient substitution, and breast cancer risk: insights from substitution analysis |
| title_full | High-protein diet scores, macronutrient substitution, and breast cancer risk: insights from substitution analysis |
| title_fullStr | High-protein diet scores, macronutrient substitution, and breast cancer risk: insights from substitution analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-protein diet scores, macronutrient substitution, and breast cancer risk: insights from substitution analysis |
| title_short | High-protein diet scores, macronutrient substitution, and breast cancer risk: insights from substitution analysis |
| title_sort | high protein diet scores macronutrient substitution and breast cancer risk insights from substitution analysis |
| topic | Dietary patterns High-protein Breast cancer Adult |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-02959-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mitrakazemijahromi highproteindietscoresmacronutrientsubstitutionandbreastcancerriskinsightsfromsubstitutionanalysis AT hamidahmadirad highproteindietscoresmacronutrientsubstitutionandbreastcancerriskinsightsfromsubstitutionanalysis AT hosseinfarhadnejad highproteindietscoresmacronutrientsubstitutionandbreastcancerriskinsightsfromsubstitutionanalysis AT mostafanorouzzadeh highproteindietscoresmacronutrientsubstitutionandbreastcancerriskinsightsfromsubstitutionanalysis AT ebrahimmokhtari highproteindietscoresmacronutrientsubstitutionandbreastcancerriskinsightsfromsubstitutionanalysis AT farshadteymoori highproteindietscoresmacronutrientsubstitutionandbreastcancerriskinsightsfromsubstitutionanalysis AT niloufarsaber highproteindietscoresmacronutrientsubstitutionandbreastcancerriskinsightsfromsubstitutionanalysis AT zeinabheidari highproteindietscoresmacronutrientsubstitutionandbreastcancerriskinsightsfromsubstitutionanalysis AT parvinmirmiran highproteindietscoresmacronutrientsubstitutionandbreastcancerriskinsightsfromsubstitutionanalysis AT bahramrashidkhani highproteindietscoresmacronutrientsubstitutionandbreastcancerriskinsightsfromsubstitutionanalysis |