Advances in Microscopic Studies of Tendinopathy: Literature Review and Current Trends, with Special Reference to Neovascularization Process
Tendinopathy is a process of chaotic extracellular matrix remodeling followed by increased secretion of enzymes and mediators of inflammation. The histopathological assessment of tendinous tissue is crucial to formulate the diagnosis and establish the severity of tendon degeneration. Nevertheless, t...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| author | Łukasz Jaworski Maria Zabrzyńska Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska Wioletta Zielińska Dariusz Grzanka Maciej Gagat |
| author_facet | Łukasz Jaworski Maria Zabrzyńska Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska Wioletta Zielińska Dariusz Grzanka Maciej Gagat |
| author_sort | Łukasz Jaworski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tendinopathy is a process of chaotic extracellular matrix remodeling followed by increased secretion of enzymes and mediators of inflammation. The histopathological assessment of tendinous tissue is crucial to formulate the diagnosis and establish the severity of tendon degeneration. Nevertheless, the microscopic analysis of tendinous tissue features is often challenging. In this review, we aimed to compare the most popular scales used in tendon pathology assessment and reevaluate the role of the neovascularization process. The following scores were evaluated: the Bonar score, the Movin score, the Astrom and Rausing Score, and the Soslowsky score. Moreover, the role of neovascularization in tendon degeneration was reassessed. The Bonar system is the most commonly used in tendon pathology. According to the literature, hematoxylin and eosin with additional Alcian Blue staining seems to provide satisfactory results. Furthermore, two observers experienced in musculoskeletal pathology are sufficient for tendinopathy microscopic evaluation. The control, due to similar and typical alterations in tendinous tissue, is not necessary. Neovascularization plays an ambiguous role in tendon disorders. The neovascularization process is crucial in the tendon healing process. On the other hand, it is also an important component of the degeneration of tendinous tissue when the regeneration is incomplete and insufficient. The microscopic analysis of tendinous tissue features is often challenging. The assessment of tendinous tissue using the Bonar system is the most universal. The neovascularization variable in tendinopathy scoring systems should be reconsidered due to discrepancies in studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:37:42Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:37:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-8bfc85cf4c624536a335d52ca77594c52023-11-24T01:48:34ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-03-01116157210.3390/jcm11061572Advances in Microscopic Studies of Tendinopathy: Literature Review and Current Trends, with Special Reference to Neovascularization ProcessŁukasz Jaworski0Maria Zabrzyńska1Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska2Wioletta Zielińska3Dariusz Grzanka4Maciej Gagat5Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, PolandTendinopathy is a process of chaotic extracellular matrix remodeling followed by increased secretion of enzymes and mediators of inflammation. The histopathological assessment of tendinous tissue is crucial to formulate the diagnosis and establish the severity of tendon degeneration. Nevertheless, the microscopic analysis of tendinous tissue features is often challenging. In this review, we aimed to compare the most popular scales used in tendon pathology assessment and reevaluate the role of the neovascularization process. The following scores were evaluated: the Bonar score, the Movin score, the Astrom and Rausing Score, and the Soslowsky score. Moreover, the role of neovascularization in tendon degeneration was reassessed. The Bonar system is the most commonly used in tendon pathology. According to the literature, hematoxylin and eosin with additional Alcian Blue staining seems to provide satisfactory results. Furthermore, two observers experienced in musculoskeletal pathology are sufficient for tendinopathy microscopic evaluation. The control, due to similar and typical alterations in tendinous tissue, is not necessary. Neovascularization plays an ambiguous role in tendon disorders. The neovascularization process is crucial in the tendon healing process. On the other hand, it is also an important component of the degeneration of tendinous tissue when the regeneration is incomplete and insufficient. The microscopic analysis of tendinous tissue features is often challenging. The assessment of tendinous tissue using the Bonar system is the most universal. The neovascularization variable in tendinopathy scoring systems should be reconsidered due to discrepancies in studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/6/1572tendontendinopathymicroscopyneovascularizationBonar |
| spellingShingle | Łukasz Jaworski Maria Zabrzyńska Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska Wioletta Zielińska Dariusz Grzanka Maciej Gagat Advances in Microscopic Studies of Tendinopathy: Literature Review and Current Trends, with Special Reference to Neovascularization Process Journal of Clinical Medicine tendon tendinopathy microscopy neovascularization Bonar |
| title | Advances in Microscopic Studies of Tendinopathy: Literature Review and Current Trends, with Special Reference to Neovascularization Process |
| title_full | Advances in Microscopic Studies of Tendinopathy: Literature Review and Current Trends, with Special Reference to Neovascularization Process |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Microscopic Studies of Tendinopathy: Literature Review and Current Trends, with Special Reference to Neovascularization Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Microscopic Studies of Tendinopathy: Literature Review and Current Trends, with Special Reference to Neovascularization Process |
| title_short | Advances in Microscopic Studies of Tendinopathy: Literature Review and Current Trends, with Special Reference to Neovascularization Process |
| title_sort | advances in microscopic studies of tendinopathy literature review and current trends with special reference to neovascularization process |
| topic | tendon tendinopathy microscopy neovascularization Bonar |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/6/1572 |
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