Electroencephalogram and Physiological Responses as Affected by Slaughter Empathy in Goats
Recent advances in emotions and cognitive science make it imperative to assess the emotional stress in goats at the time of slaughter. The present study was envisaged to study the electroencephalogram and physiological responses as affected by slaughter empathy in goats. A total of 12 goats were div...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/6/1100 |
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| author | Pavan Kumar Ahmed Abubakar Abubakar Muideen Adewale Ahmed Muhammad Nizam Hayat Mokrish Ajat Ubedullah Kaka Yong Meng Goh Awis Qurni Sazili |
| author_facet | Pavan Kumar Ahmed Abubakar Abubakar Muideen Adewale Ahmed Muhammad Nizam Hayat Mokrish Ajat Ubedullah Kaka Yong Meng Goh Awis Qurni Sazili |
| author_sort | Pavan Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent advances in emotions and cognitive science make it imperative to assess the emotional stress in goats at the time of slaughter. The present study was envisaged to study the electroencephalogram and physiological responses as affected by slaughter empathy in goats. A total of 12 goats were divided into two groups viz., E-group (goats exposed to slaughter environment, <i>n</i> = 6) and S-group (goat slaughtered in front of E-group, <i>n</i> = 6). The electroencephalogram and physiological responses in male Boer cross goats (E-group) were recorded in a slaughterhouse in two stages viz., control (C) without exposure to the slaughter of conspecifics and treatment (T) while visualizing the slaughter of conspecifics (S—slaughter group). The exposure of the goat to the slaughter of a conspecific resulted in a heightened emotional state. It caused significant alterations in neurobiological activity as recorded with the significant changes in the EEG spectrum (beta waves (<i>p</i> = 0.000491), theta waves (<i>p</i> = 0.017), and median frequency MF or F50 (<i>p</i> = 0.002)). Emotional stress was also observed to significantly increase blood glucose (<i>p</i> = 0.031) and a non-significant (<i>p</i> = 0.225) increase in heart rate in goats. Thus, slaughter empathy was observed to exert a significant effect on the electric activity of neurons in the cerebrocortical area of the brain and an increase in blood glucose content. |
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| format | Article |
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| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:01:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-8bfeb2e68c0e442bb250ba58c99151d62023-11-17T09:12:22ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-03-01136110010.3390/ani13061100Electroencephalogram and Physiological Responses as Affected by Slaughter Empathy in GoatsPavan Kumar0Ahmed Abubakar Abubakar1Muideen Adewale Ahmed2Muhammad Nizam Hayat3Mokrish Ajat4Ubedullah Kaka5Yong Meng Goh6Awis Qurni Sazili7Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaRecent advances in emotions and cognitive science make it imperative to assess the emotional stress in goats at the time of slaughter. The present study was envisaged to study the electroencephalogram and physiological responses as affected by slaughter empathy in goats. A total of 12 goats were divided into two groups viz., E-group (goats exposed to slaughter environment, <i>n</i> = 6) and S-group (goat slaughtered in front of E-group, <i>n</i> = 6). The electroencephalogram and physiological responses in male Boer cross goats (E-group) were recorded in a slaughterhouse in two stages viz., control (C) without exposure to the slaughter of conspecifics and treatment (T) while visualizing the slaughter of conspecifics (S—slaughter group). The exposure of the goat to the slaughter of a conspecific resulted in a heightened emotional state. It caused significant alterations in neurobiological activity as recorded with the significant changes in the EEG spectrum (beta waves (<i>p</i> = 0.000491), theta waves (<i>p</i> = 0.017), and median frequency MF or F50 (<i>p</i> = 0.002)). Emotional stress was also observed to significantly increase blood glucose (<i>p</i> = 0.031) and a non-significant (<i>p</i> = 0.225) increase in heart rate in goats. Thus, slaughter empathy was observed to exert a significant effect on the electric activity of neurons in the cerebrocortical area of the brain and an increase in blood glucose content.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/6/1100emotions contagionslaughter empathyelectroencephalogramblood glucoseanimal welfare |
| spellingShingle | Pavan Kumar Ahmed Abubakar Abubakar Muideen Adewale Ahmed Muhammad Nizam Hayat Mokrish Ajat Ubedullah Kaka Yong Meng Goh Awis Qurni Sazili Electroencephalogram and Physiological Responses as Affected by Slaughter Empathy in Goats Animals emotions contagion slaughter empathy electroencephalogram blood glucose animal welfare |
| title | Electroencephalogram and Physiological Responses as Affected by Slaughter Empathy in Goats |
| title_full | Electroencephalogram and Physiological Responses as Affected by Slaughter Empathy in Goats |
| title_fullStr | Electroencephalogram and Physiological Responses as Affected by Slaughter Empathy in Goats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electroencephalogram and Physiological Responses as Affected by Slaughter Empathy in Goats |
| title_short | Electroencephalogram and Physiological Responses as Affected by Slaughter Empathy in Goats |
| title_sort | electroencephalogram and physiological responses as affected by slaughter empathy in goats |
| topic | emotions contagion slaughter empathy electroencephalogram blood glucose animal welfare |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/6/1100 |
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