Productivity and Quality of Chamomile (<i>Chamomilla recutita</i> (L.) Rausch.) Grown in an Organic System Depending on Foliar Biopreparations and Row Spacing
The study involved a field experiment conducted on two cultivars of chamomile (‘Złoty Łan’ and ‘Mastar’) in the climatic and soil conditions of the central Lublin region (Poland) during the years 2016–2018. The experiment was designed to determine the effects of three foliar biological preparations...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/10/1534 |
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| author | Cezary A. Kwiatkowski Elżbieta Harasim Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk Jarosław Stalenga Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek Jan Buczek Agnieszka Nnolim |
| author_facet | Cezary A. Kwiatkowski Elżbieta Harasim Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk Jarosław Stalenga Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek Jan Buczek Agnieszka Nnolim |
| author_sort | Cezary A. Kwiatkowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study involved a field experiment conducted on two cultivars of chamomile (‘Złoty Łan’ and ‘Mastar’) in the climatic and soil conditions of the central Lublin region (Poland) during the years 2016–2018. The experiment was designed to determine the effects of three foliar biological preparations (growth stimulant Bio-algeen, fertilizer Herbagreen Basic, and Effective Microorganisms applied as EM Farming spray), which were applied once or twice, on the yield and quality of herbal raw material of chamomile grown under organic conditions. Chamomile was grown at different row spacings (40 cm and 30 cm). The biopreparations (in particular Herbagreen Basic) had a positive effect on chamomile yield (about 10–11% in comparison with control treatment) and yield attributing characters (plant height, number of branches, and inflorescences per plant) as well as on the quality parameters. The EM Farming had a minimal influence on the quantity characteristics studied, but it beneficially affected essential oil and chlorophyll content. The biopreparations had a more favorable effect when they were applied twice. The wider row spacing of chamomile (40 cm) promoted higher yields (about 18%) compared to 30 cm. The narrower spacing (30 cm), however, contributed to better quality characteristics of herbal raw material. The study confirmed much higher productivity and quality of the cultivar ‘Złoty Łan’ compared to cv. ‘Mastar’ (about 15%). Significant interactions of experimental factors concerned mainly the formation of the essential oil content in herbal raw material (the most advantageous was the ‘Złoty Łan’ cultivar sown at a row spacing of 30 cm with the use of Herbagreen Basic biopreparation twice). |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:56:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-8bff2cd3d8734adbac26b9c58d0032e72023-11-23T22:19:51ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-09-011210153410.3390/agriculture12101534Productivity and Quality of Chamomile (<i>Chamomilla recutita</i> (L.) Rausch.) Grown in an Organic System Depending on Foliar Biopreparations and Row SpacingCezary A. Kwiatkowski0Elżbieta Harasim1Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk2Jarosław Stalenga3Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek4Jan Buczek5Agnieszka Nnolim6Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Systems and Economics of Crop Production, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, PolandDepartment of Systems and Economics of Crop Production, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, PolandDepartment of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, PolandNOLICHEM Consultancy Ltd., 4 Lime Crescent, Willand, Cullompton EX15 2SL, UKThe study involved a field experiment conducted on two cultivars of chamomile (‘Złoty Łan’ and ‘Mastar’) in the climatic and soil conditions of the central Lublin region (Poland) during the years 2016–2018. The experiment was designed to determine the effects of three foliar biological preparations (growth stimulant Bio-algeen, fertilizer Herbagreen Basic, and Effective Microorganisms applied as EM Farming spray), which were applied once or twice, on the yield and quality of herbal raw material of chamomile grown under organic conditions. Chamomile was grown at different row spacings (40 cm and 30 cm). The biopreparations (in particular Herbagreen Basic) had a positive effect on chamomile yield (about 10–11% in comparison with control treatment) and yield attributing characters (plant height, number of branches, and inflorescences per plant) as well as on the quality parameters. The EM Farming had a minimal influence on the quantity characteristics studied, but it beneficially affected essential oil and chlorophyll content. The biopreparations had a more favorable effect when they were applied twice. The wider row spacing of chamomile (40 cm) promoted higher yields (about 18%) compared to 30 cm. The narrower spacing (30 cm), however, contributed to better quality characteristics of herbal raw material. The study confirmed much higher productivity and quality of the cultivar ‘Złoty Łan’ compared to cv. ‘Mastar’ (about 15%). Significant interactions of experimental factors concerned mainly the formation of the essential oil content in herbal raw material (the most advantageous was the ‘Złoty Łan’ cultivar sown at a row spacing of 30 cm with the use of Herbagreen Basic biopreparation twice).https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/10/1534chamomile cultivarsBio-algeenHerbagreen Basiceffective microorganismsrow spacingyielding |
| spellingShingle | Cezary A. Kwiatkowski Elżbieta Harasim Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk Jarosław Stalenga Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek Jan Buczek Agnieszka Nnolim Productivity and Quality of Chamomile (<i>Chamomilla recutita</i> (L.) Rausch.) Grown in an Organic System Depending on Foliar Biopreparations and Row Spacing Agriculture chamomile cultivars Bio-algeen Herbagreen Basic effective microorganisms row spacing yielding |
| title | Productivity and Quality of Chamomile (<i>Chamomilla recutita</i> (L.) Rausch.) Grown in an Organic System Depending on Foliar Biopreparations and Row Spacing |
| title_full | Productivity and Quality of Chamomile (<i>Chamomilla recutita</i> (L.) Rausch.) Grown in an Organic System Depending on Foliar Biopreparations and Row Spacing |
| title_fullStr | Productivity and Quality of Chamomile (<i>Chamomilla recutita</i> (L.) Rausch.) Grown in an Organic System Depending on Foliar Biopreparations and Row Spacing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Productivity and Quality of Chamomile (<i>Chamomilla recutita</i> (L.) Rausch.) Grown in an Organic System Depending on Foliar Biopreparations and Row Spacing |
| title_short | Productivity and Quality of Chamomile (<i>Chamomilla recutita</i> (L.) Rausch.) Grown in an Organic System Depending on Foliar Biopreparations and Row Spacing |
| title_sort | productivity and quality of chamomile i chamomilla recutita i l rausch grown in an organic system depending on foliar biopreparations and row spacing |
| topic | chamomile cultivars Bio-algeen Herbagreen Basic effective microorganisms row spacing yielding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/10/1534 |
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