Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region
Fluoride is a halogen found in soil and water from natural and anthropogenic sources. Foods, such as cereals, fruits, and vegetables, among others, absorb and accumulate fluoride. High intakes of this element produce toxic effects such as dental or skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride content was determined...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6582 |
| _version_ | 1827705795832184832 |
|---|---|
| author | Juan R. Jaudenes Ángel J. Gutiérrez Soraya Paz Carmen Rubio Arturo Hardisson |
| author_facet | Juan R. Jaudenes Ángel J. Gutiérrez Soraya Paz Carmen Rubio Arturo Hardisson |
| author_sort | Juan R. Jaudenes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fluoride is a halogen found in soil and water from natural and anthropogenic sources. Foods, such as cereals, fruits, and vegetables, among others, absorb and accumulate fluoride. High intakes of this element produce toxic effects such as dental or skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride content was determined in a total of 144 samples from different food groups (cereals and derivatives, fruits, tree nuts, dry fruits, mushrooms, vegetables, and legumes) using selective fluoride ion potentiometry. The fluoride concentration stood out in almonds (3.70 ± 0.96 mg/kg), walnuts (3.53 ± 0.62 mg/kg), bread (2.54 ± 0.85 mg/kg), and rice (2.28 ± 0.93 mg/kg). Consumption of 236 g/day of bread or 263 g/day of rice represents 100% of the recommended daily intake (DRI) set at 0.6 mg/day for children aged 1–3 years. In the case of rice consumption by children of these ages, it is recommended to use bottled water for rice preparation. The consumption of the analyzed foods by teenagers and adults does not pose a health risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:10:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8bff6cd26dea42a8822a3cf9b038f253 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:10:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8bff6cd26dea42a8822a3cf9b038f2532023-11-20T14:27:56ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-09-011018658210.3390/app10186582Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European RegionJuan R. Jaudenes0Ángel J. Gutiérrez1Soraya Paz2Carmen Rubio3Arturo Hardisson4Department of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, SpainDepartment of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, SpainDepartment of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, SpainDepartment of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, SpainDepartment of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, SpainFluoride is a halogen found in soil and water from natural and anthropogenic sources. Foods, such as cereals, fruits, and vegetables, among others, absorb and accumulate fluoride. High intakes of this element produce toxic effects such as dental or skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride content was determined in a total of 144 samples from different food groups (cereals and derivatives, fruits, tree nuts, dry fruits, mushrooms, vegetables, and legumes) using selective fluoride ion potentiometry. The fluoride concentration stood out in almonds (3.70 ± 0.96 mg/kg), walnuts (3.53 ± 0.62 mg/kg), bread (2.54 ± 0.85 mg/kg), and rice (2.28 ± 0.93 mg/kg). Consumption of 236 g/day of bread or 263 g/day of rice represents 100% of the recommended daily intake (DRI) set at 0.6 mg/day for children aged 1–3 years. In the case of rice consumption by children of these ages, it is recommended to use bottled water for rice preparation. The consumption of the analyzed foods by teenagers and adults does not pose a health risk.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6582fluoridehuman exposurerisk assessmentfood |
| spellingShingle | Juan R. Jaudenes Ángel J. Gutiérrez Soraya Paz Carmen Rubio Arturo Hardisson Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region Applied Sciences fluoride human exposure risk assessment food |
| title | Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region |
| title_full | Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region |
| title_fullStr | Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region |
| title_short | Fluoride Risk Assessment from Consumption of Different Foods Commercialized in a European Region |
| title_sort | fluoride risk assessment from consumption of different foods commercialized in a european region |
| topic | fluoride human exposure risk assessment food |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6582 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juanrjaudenes fluorideriskassessmentfromconsumptionofdifferentfoodscommercializedinaeuropeanregion AT angeljgutierrez fluorideriskassessmentfromconsumptionofdifferentfoodscommercializedinaeuropeanregion AT sorayapaz fluorideriskassessmentfromconsumptionofdifferentfoodscommercializedinaeuropeanregion AT carmenrubio fluorideriskassessmentfromconsumptionofdifferentfoodscommercializedinaeuropeanregion AT arturohardisson fluorideriskassessmentfromconsumptionofdifferentfoodscommercializedinaeuropeanregion |