Characterization and Modeling of LV Cables Considering External Parameters for Distribution Networks
In response to the climate emergency, new uses are plugged to low voltage (LV) electrical networks. The development of self-consumption complicates the LV grid operation, and force distribution system operators (DSOs) to better model and characterize their networks. DSOs mainly use a three-conductor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7849 |
| _version_ | 1797507928631017472 |
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| author | Ferréol Binot Trung Dung Le Marc Petit |
| author_facet | Ferréol Binot Trung Dung Le Marc Petit |
| author_sort | Ferréol Binot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In response to the climate emergency, new uses are plugged to low voltage (LV) electrical networks. The development of self-consumption complicates the LV grid operation, and force distribution system operators (DSOs) to better model and characterize their networks. DSOs mainly use a three-conductor model (3 CM) to compute power flows, and consider error margins of 2% for voltage profiles to reflect their model inaccuracy. The characteristics of the future LV grids call into question these margins, and the models used. In this paper, a four-conductor model (4 CM), and an additional model named 4 CMext, that considers external parameters (i.e., cable temperature, ground electrical resistivity, and value/number of the earthing resistances) are proposed. The best model for cable characterization and voltage profile calculation is chosen; the 4 CMext is more adapted for the characterization, and corresponds with the finite element model, with an error margin of 4%, experimental measurements of 15%, and French cable manufacturer data of 0.5%. For the voltage profile, the 4 CMext provides a more detailed view of the critical cases that could lead to a violation of the limits of the EN 50160 standard than 3 CM and 4 CM. Violations of high or low voltages are underestimated by two to six times by the 3 CM and 4 CM. Not considering external parameters can lead to a voltage profile error of above 3%. In this paper, we recommend that DSOs use the 4 CMext to represent LV networks, which would allow LV networks to be used closer to their physical limits, and avoid or postpone network reinforcements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:55:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8bffd29e9b0e4489a329ccc4b2899715 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:55:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-8bffd29e9b0e4489a329ccc4b28997152023-11-23T02:18:37ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-11-011423784910.3390/en14237849Characterization and Modeling of LV Cables Considering External Parameters for Distribution NetworksFerréol Binot0Trung Dung Le1Marc Petit2Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Electronique de Paris, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceIn response to the climate emergency, new uses are plugged to low voltage (LV) electrical networks. The development of self-consumption complicates the LV grid operation, and force distribution system operators (DSOs) to better model and characterize their networks. DSOs mainly use a three-conductor model (3 CM) to compute power flows, and consider error margins of 2% for voltage profiles to reflect their model inaccuracy. The characteristics of the future LV grids call into question these margins, and the models used. In this paper, a four-conductor model (4 CM), and an additional model named 4 CMext, that considers external parameters (i.e., cable temperature, ground electrical resistivity, and value/number of the earthing resistances) are proposed. The best model for cable characterization and voltage profile calculation is chosen; the 4 CMext is more adapted for the characterization, and corresponds with the finite element model, with an error margin of 4%, experimental measurements of 15%, and French cable manufacturer data of 0.5%. For the voltage profile, the 4 CMext provides a more detailed view of the critical cases that could lead to a violation of the limits of the EN 50160 standard than 3 CM and 4 CM. Violations of high or low voltages are underestimated by two to six times by the 3 CM and 4 CM. Not considering external parameters can lead to a voltage profile error of above 3%. In this paper, we recommend that DSOs use the 4 CMext to represent LV networks, which would allow LV networks to be used closer to their physical limits, and avoid or postpone network reinforcements.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7849distribution networkslow voltage cablesthree-conductor modelfour-conductor modelexternal parameterstemperature |
| spellingShingle | Ferréol Binot Trung Dung Le Marc Petit Characterization and Modeling of LV Cables Considering External Parameters for Distribution Networks Energies distribution networks low voltage cables three-conductor model four-conductor model external parameters temperature |
| title | Characterization and Modeling of LV Cables Considering External Parameters for Distribution Networks |
| title_full | Characterization and Modeling of LV Cables Considering External Parameters for Distribution Networks |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and Modeling of LV Cables Considering External Parameters for Distribution Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and Modeling of LV Cables Considering External Parameters for Distribution Networks |
| title_short | Characterization and Modeling of LV Cables Considering External Parameters for Distribution Networks |
| title_sort | characterization and modeling of lv cables considering external parameters for distribution networks |
| topic | distribution networks low voltage cables three-conductor model four-conductor model external parameters temperature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7849 |
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