Effects of Physical Activity and Micronutrients on Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Cognitive performance is essential for children, given this is a critical stage of brain growth and development. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain if physical activity or micronutrients impact cognitive performance in children....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/1/57 |
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| author | Atiah Munirah Meli Asma’ Ali Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil Hayati Mohd Yusof Michelle M. C. Tan |
| author_facet | Atiah Munirah Meli Asma’ Ali Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil Hayati Mohd Yusof Michelle M. C. Tan |
| author_sort | Atiah Munirah Meli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Cognitive performance is essential for children, given this is a critical stage of brain growth and development. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain if physical activity or micronutrients impact cognitive performance in children. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus<sup>®</sup>) were searched for relevant articles published between 2012 and 2021. We emphasized randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of physical activity and micronutrients on cognitive performance. Data from eligible studies were gathered and evaluated using random-, fixed- or pooled-effects models with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). <i>Results</i>: Physical activity appeared to improve both Mathematics (<i>d</i> = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.56, 1.67) and attention (<i>d</i> = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.15, 1.14) performances. The micronutrient vitamin B12 had a positive effect on Mathematics (<i>d</i> = 2.39, 95% CI: 0.79, 3.98), English (<i>d</i> = 5.29, 95% CI: 2.76, 7.83), Geography (<i>d</i> = 5.29, 95% CI: 2.76, 7.83), Science (<i>d</i> = 3.39, 95% CI: 2.62, 4.16) and Arts (<i>d</i> = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.84, 4.79). Zinc was found to positively affect English (<i>d</i> = 3.78, 95% CI: 0.44, 7.13), Geography (<i>d</i> = 4.77, 95% CI: 0.56, 8.98) and Arts (<i>d</i> = 2.39, CI: 0.33, 4.45). Iron positively affected Mathematics (<i>d</i> = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.54, 2.06), English (<i>d</i> = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.44, 7.13), Geography (<i>d</i> = 4.77, 95% CI: 0.56, 8.98) and Arts (<i>d</i> = 2.39, 95% CI: 0.33, 4.45). <i>Conclusions</i>: A more comprehensive intervention with a specific dose/level of physical activity, an increased range of cognitive performance, and a well-designed study design that accounts for dietary intake and other health outcomes are required for future studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:00:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c13c16941594d58b3f367b32bb3fc4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:00:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c13c16941594d58b3f367b32bb3fc4a2023-11-23T14:36:13ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442021-12-015815710.3390/medicina58010057Effects of Physical Activity and Micronutrients on Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsAtiah Munirah Meli0Asma’ Ali1Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil2Hayati Mohd Yusof3Michelle M. C. Tan4Department of Food Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaSchool of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 21300, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaGlobal Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Cognitive performance is essential for children, given this is a critical stage of brain growth and development. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain if physical activity or micronutrients impact cognitive performance in children. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus<sup>®</sup>) were searched for relevant articles published between 2012 and 2021. We emphasized randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of physical activity and micronutrients on cognitive performance. Data from eligible studies were gathered and evaluated using random-, fixed- or pooled-effects models with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). <i>Results</i>: Physical activity appeared to improve both Mathematics (<i>d</i> = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.56, 1.67) and attention (<i>d</i> = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.15, 1.14) performances. The micronutrient vitamin B12 had a positive effect on Mathematics (<i>d</i> = 2.39, 95% CI: 0.79, 3.98), English (<i>d</i> = 5.29, 95% CI: 2.76, 7.83), Geography (<i>d</i> = 5.29, 95% CI: 2.76, 7.83), Science (<i>d</i> = 3.39, 95% CI: 2.62, 4.16) and Arts (<i>d</i> = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.84, 4.79). Zinc was found to positively affect English (<i>d</i> = 3.78, 95% CI: 0.44, 7.13), Geography (<i>d</i> = 4.77, 95% CI: 0.56, 8.98) and Arts (<i>d</i> = 2.39, CI: 0.33, 4.45). Iron positively affected Mathematics (<i>d</i> = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.54, 2.06), English (<i>d</i> = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.44, 7.13), Geography (<i>d</i> = 4.77, 95% CI: 0.56, 8.98) and Arts (<i>d</i> = 2.39, 95% CI: 0.33, 4.45). <i>Conclusions</i>: A more comprehensive intervention with a specific dose/level of physical activity, an increased range of cognitive performance, and a well-designed study design that accounts for dietary intake and other health outcomes are required for future studies.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/1/57physical activitymicronutrientscognitive performancechildren |
| spellingShingle | Atiah Munirah Meli Asma’ Ali Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil Hayati Mohd Yusof Michelle M. C. Tan Effects of Physical Activity and Micronutrients on Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Medicina physical activity micronutrients cognitive performance children |
| title | Effects of Physical Activity and Micronutrients on Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_full | Effects of Physical Activity and Micronutrients on Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Physical Activity and Micronutrients on Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Physical Activity and Micronutrients on Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_short | Effects of Physical Activity and Micronutrients on Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_sort | effects of physical activity and micronutrients on cognitive performance in children aged 6 to 11 years a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| topic | physical activity micronutrients cognitive performance children |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/1/57 |
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