Role of Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) in Resistance to Cadmium Stress in Two Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Genotypes
The impact of heavy metal, i.e., cadmium (Cd), on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidants machinery (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants), ions uptake, organic acids exudation, and ultra-structure of membranous bounded org...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/12/1693 |
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| author | Javaria Afzal Muhammad Hamzah Saleem Fatima Batool Ali Mohamed Elyamine Muhammad Shoaib Rana Asma Shaheen Mohamed A. El-Esawi Muhammad Tariq Javed Qasim Ali Muhammad Arslan Ashraf Ghulam Sabir Hussain Chengxiao Hu |
| author_facet | Javaria Afzal Muhammad Hamzah Saleem Fatima Batool Ali Mohamed Elyamine Muhammad Shoaib Rana Asma Shaheen Mohamed A. El-Esawi Muhammad Tariq Javed Qasim Ali Muhammad Arslan Ashraf Ghulam Sabir Hussain Chengxiao Hu |
| author_sort | Javaria Afzal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The impact of heavy metal, i.e., cadmium (Cd), on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidants machinery (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants), ions uptake, organic acids exudation, and ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles of two rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) genotypes (Shan 63 and Lu 9803) were investigated with and without the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>). Two <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes were grown under different levels of CdCl<sub>2</sub> [0 (no Cd), 50 and 100 µM] and then treated with exogenously supplemented ferrous sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) [0 (no Fe), 50 and 100 µM] for 21 days. The results revealed that Cd stress significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) affected plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, affected antioxidant machinery, sugar contents, and ions uptake/accumulation, and destroy the ultra-structure of many membranous bounded organelles. The findings also showed that Cd toxicity induces oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) initiation, and electrolyte leakage (%), which was also manifested by increasing the enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin) and organic acids exudation pattern in both <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes. At the same time, the results also elucidated that the <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes Lu 9803 are more tolerant to Cd stress than Shan 63. Although, results also illustrated that the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) also decreased Cd toxicity in both <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes by increasing antioxidant capacity and thus improved the plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, and decrease oxidative stress in the roots and shoots of <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes. Here, we conclude that the exogenous supplementation of FeSO<sub>4</sub> under short-term exposure of Cd stress significantly improved plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, regulate antioxidant defense system, and essential nutrients uptake and maintained the ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles in <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:57:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c14e91ae6fe4759b68c1dc90fc8e200 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:57:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c14e91ae6fe4759b68c1dc90fc8e2002023-11-21T01:29:04ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2020-12-011012169310.3390/biom10121693Role of Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) in Resistance to Cadmium Stress in Two Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) GenotypesJavaria Afzal0Muhammad Hamzah Saleem1Fatima Batool2Ali Mohamed Elyamine3Muhammad Shoaib Rana4Asma Shaheen5Mohamed A. El-Esawi6Muhammad Tariq Javed7Qasim Ali8Muhammad Arslan Ashraf9Ghulam Sabir Hussain10Chengxiao Hu11Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Punjab 54770, PakistanCollege of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, ChinaKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, PakistanBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptDepartment of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanKey Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaThe impact of heavy metal, i.e., cadmium (Cd), on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidants machinery (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants), ions uptake, organic acids exudation, and ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles of two rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) genotypes (Shan 63 and Lu 9803) were investigated with and without the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>). Two <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes were grown under different levels of CdCl<sub>2</sub> [0 (no Cd), 50 and 100 µM] and then treated with exogenously supplemented ferrous sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) [0 (no Fe), 50 and 100 µM] for 21 days. The results revealed that Cd stress significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) affected plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, affected antioxidant machinery, sugar contents, and ions uptake/accumulation, and destroy the ultra-structure of many membranous bounded organelles. The findings also showed that Cd toxicity induces oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) initiation, and electrolyte leakage (%), which was also manifested by increasing the enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin) and organic acids exudation pattern in both <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes. At the same time, the results also elucidated that the <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes Lu 9803 are more tolerant to Cd stress than Shan 63. Although, results also illustrated that the exogenous application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) also decreased Cd toxicity in both <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes by increasing antioxidant capacity and thus improved the plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, and decrease oxidative stress in the roots and shoots of <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes. Here, we conclude that the exogenous supplementation of FeSO<sub>4</sub> under short-term exposure of Cd stress significantly improved plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, regulate antioxidant defense system, and essential nutrients uptake and maintained the ultra-structure of membranous bounded organelles in <i>O. sativa</i> genotypes.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/12/1693antioxidantsdefense mechanismheavy metalsironorganic acids exudation |
| spellingShingle | Javaria Afzal Muhammad Hamzah Saleem Fatima Batool Ali Mohamed Elyamine Muhammad Shoaib Rana Asma Shaheen Mohamed A. El-Esawi Muhammad Tariq Javed Qasim Ali Muhammad Arslan Ashraf Ghulam Sabir Hussain Chengxiao Hu Role of Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) in Resistance to Cadmium Stress in Two Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Genotypes Biomolecules antioxidants defense mechanism heavy metals iron organic acids exudation |
| title | Role of Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) in Resistance to Cadmium Stress in Two Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Genotypes |
| title_full | Role of Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) in Resistance to Cadmium Stress in Two Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Genotypes |
| title_fullStr | Role of Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) in Resistance to Cadmium Stress in Two Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Genotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) in Resistance to Cadmium Stress in Two Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Genotypes |
| title_short | Role of Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) in Resistance to Cadmium Stress in Two Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Genotypes |
| title_sort | role of ferrous sulfate feso sub 4 sub in resistance to cadmium stress in two rice i oryza sativa i l genotypes |
| topic | antioxidants defense mechanism heavy metals iron organic acids exudation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/12/1693 |
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