Lifestyle habits and perceived wellbeing of adults presenting with metabolic syndrome at a diabetic clinic in Ghana: A case-control study
Background: Heightened by the epidemiological transition associated with excess energy intake, sedentary lifestyle and urbanisation, metabolic syndrome (MetS), previously uncommon in sub-Sahara Africa, is increasingly becoming a public health concern. Methods: We retrospectively assessed the associa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Human Nutrition & Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149722000172 |
| _version_ | 1828367662731755520 |
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| author | Faith Agbozo Edith Bannerman Senam Klomegah Francis Zotor |
| author_facet | Faith Agbozo Edith Bannerman Senam Klomegah Francis Zotor |
| author_sort | Faith Agbozo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Heightened by the epidemiological transition associated with excess energy intake, sedentary lifestyle and urbanisation, metabolic syndrome (MetS), previously uncommon in sub-Sahara Africa, is increasingly becoming a public health concern. Methods: We retrospectively assessed the association of diet and socio-demographic indicators as exposure factors to the development of MetS in typical peri-urban and rural settings in Ghana and examined the effect of MetS on the perceived quality of life of patients. One-on-one age- and sex-matched case-control study involving 152 adults aged 45–65 years were recruited from a diabetic clinic. Controls were recruited from communities where cases resided. Case definition was concurrent adiposity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Lifestyle was assessed using a lifestyle and habits questionnaire, whereas diet history was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Differences were tested using McNemar and paired t-tests. To determine which exposure variables significantly predicted the development of MetS, we conducted a conditional logistic regression and reported the Mantel Haenszel crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results: Markers for MetS among the cases and controls were abdominal obesity (98.7% vs 36.8%), hypertension (90.8% vs 2.6%) and diabetes (72.4% vs 1.3%). Controls (77.6%) consumed more diversified diets compared to the cases (10.5%) (p = 0.001). Lower risk for MetS was linked to secondary education (COR = 0.17) and long duration of residence (COR = 0.30) in a peri-urban setting (COR = 0.22) whereas being unemployed (COR = 9.00) increased the risk. Abdominal obesity (COR = 28.51) was a stronger predictor of MetS compared to BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (COR = 14.80). Comparatively, the controls had a better self-perception of their physical wellbeing (73.7% vs 2.6%), fitness (88.2% vs 13.2%), nutrition and weight control (14.5% vs 1.3%) and psychological health (19.7% vs 0%). Conclusion: Considering that socio-demographic indicators were key exposures to MetS, we recommend interventions that promote the holistic wellbeing of the individual and should be integrated into existing health, social and community-based support services. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:01:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c20a9c848284f3998f2cce7a32e6a31 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-1497 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:01:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Human Nutrition & Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c20a9c848284f3998f2cce7a32e6a312022-12-22T02:08:46ZengElsevierHuman Nutrition & Metabolism2666-14972022-09-0129200154Lifestyle habits and perceived wellbeing of adults presenting with metabolic syndrome at a diabetic clinic in Ghana: A case-control studyFaith Agbozo0Edith Bannerman1Senam Klomegah2Francis Zotor3Corresponding author. Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Private Mail Bag 31, Ho, Ghana.; Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, GhanaDepartment of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, GhanaDepartment of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, GhanaDepartment of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, GhanaBackground: Heightened by the epidemiological transition associated with excess energy intake, sedentary lifestyle and urbanisation, metabolic syndrome (MetS), previously uncommon in sub-Sahara Africa, is increasingly becoming a public health concern. Methods: We retrospectively assessed the association of diet and socio-demographic indicators as exposure factors to the development of MetS in typical peri-urban and rural settings in Ghana and examined the effect of MetS on the perceived quality of life of patients. One-on-one age- and sex-matched case-control study involving 152 adults aged 45–65 years were recruited from a diabetic clinic. Controls were recruited from communities where cases resided. Case definition was concurrent adiposity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Lifestyle was assessed using a lifestyle and habits questionnaire, whereas diet history was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Differences were tested using McNemar and paired t-tests. To determine which exposure variables significantly predicted the development of MetS, we conducted a conditional logistic regression and reported the Mantel Haenszel crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results: Markers for MetS among the cases and controls were abdominal obesity (98.7% vs 36.8%), hypertension (90.8% vs 2.6%) and diabetes (72.4% vs 1.3%). Controls (77.6%) consumed more diversified diets compared to the cases (10.5%) (p = 0.001). Lower risk for MetS was linked to secondary education (COR = 0.17) and long duration of residence (COR = 0.30) in a peri-urban setting (COR = 0.22) whereas being unemployed (COR = 9.00) increased the risk. Abdominal obesity (COR = 28.51) was a stronger predictor of MetS compared to BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (COR = 14.80). Comparatively, the controls had a better self-perception of their physical wellbeing (73.7% vs 2.6%), fitness (88.2% vs 13.2%), nutrition and weight control (14.5% vs 1.3%) and psychological health (19.7% vs 0%). Conclusion: Considering that socio-demographic indicators were key exposures to MetS, we recommend interventions that promote the holistic wellbeing of the individual and should be integrated into existing health, social and community-based support services.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149722000172Metabolic syndromeObesityHypertensionDiabetesDietLifestyle habits |
| spellingShingle | Faith Agbozo Edith Bannerman Senam Klomegah Francis Zotor Lifestyle habits and perceived wellbeing of adults presenting with metabolic syndrome at a diabetic clinic in Ghana: A case-control study Human Nutrition & Metabolism Metabolic syndrome Obesity Hypertension Diabetes Diet Lifestyle habits |
| title | Lifestyle habits and perceived wellbeing of adults presenting with metabolic syndrome at a diabetic clinic in Ghana: A case-control study |
| title_full | Lifestyle habits and perceived wellbeing of adults presenting with metabolic syndrome at a diabetic clinic in Ghana: A case-control study |
| title_fullStr | Lifestyle habits and perceived wellbeing of adults presenting with metabolic syndrome at a diabetic clinic in Ghana: A case-control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lifestyle habits and perceived wellbeing of adults presenting with metabolic syndrome at a diabetic clinic in Ghana: A case-control study |
| title_short | Lifestyle habits and perceived wellbeing of adults presenting with metabolic syndrome at a diabetic clinic in Ghana: A case-control study |
| title_sort | lifestyle habits and perceived wellbeing of adults presenting with metabolic syndrome at a diabetic clinic in ghana a case control study |
| topic | Metabolic syndrome Obesity Hypertension Diabetes Diet Lifestyle habits |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149722000172 |
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