Multi-Hazard Assessment of a Flood Protection Levee
Earthquake-induced liquefaction is one of the main causes of levee breaches that can threaten human life and property. Conventionally, liquefaction hazard has been assessed in terms of the factor of safety <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display=&q...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/10/1741 |
| _version_ | 1827651671135617024 |
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| author | Mbarka Selmi Yasser Hamdi Denis Moiriat |
| author_facet | Mbarka Selmi Yasser Hamdi Denis Moiriat |
| author_sort | Mbarka Selmi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Earthquake-induced liquefaction is one of the main causes of levee breaches that can threaten human life and property. Conventionally, liquefaction hazard has been assessed in terms of the factor of safety <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> against liquefaction which ignores the potential variability of groundwater table (GWT) due to precipitation events. A probabilistic methodology, taking into account these GWT variations over time, is therefore presented in this study to assess the liquefaction hazard of an earthen flood protection levee. A frequency analysis based on the Annual Maxima/Generalised Extreme Value (AM/GEV) approach is first used to characterize the distribution of GWT extreme values. The CPT-based method is then applied with the provided GWT scenarios to predict liquefaction and display the hazard curves. Assuming a single constant GWT estimate during an earthquake revealed a certain liquefaction hazard within a sandy layer. Considering GWT variations during earthquakes showed, however, that liquefaction is unlikely to occur with an <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> threshold set at 1.0. These findings highlight: (1) the conservatism of the conventional approach that overestimates the liquefaction hazard, (2) the importance of the proposed probabilistic approach as a complementary tool for more reliable decision-making, and (3) the dependency of liquefaction hazard predictions on the degree of uncertainty in GWT estimates and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> threshold. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:42:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c2b4c48dbe447fab58e3fd6adab8f8e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:42:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c2b4c48dbe447fab58e3fd6adab8f8e2023-11-23T22:53:01ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-10-011310174110.3390/atmos13101741Multi-Hazard Assessment of a Flood Protection LeveeMbarka Selmi0Yasser Hamdi1Denis Moiriat2Modelling in Civil Engineering and Environment, National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, TunisiaInstitute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, FranceInstitute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, FranceEarthquake-induced liquefaction is one of the main causes of levee breaches that can threaten human life and property. Conventionally, liquefaction hazard has been assessed in terms of the factor of safety <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> against liquefaction which ignores the potential variability of groundwater table (GWT) due to precipitation events. A probabilistic methodology, taking into account these GWT variations over time, is therefore presented in this study to assess the liquefaction hazard of an earthen flood protection levee. A frequency analysis based on the Annual Maxima/Generalised Extreme Value (AM/GEV) approach is first used to characterize the distribution of GWT extreme values. The CPT-based method is then applied with the provided GWT scenarios to predict liquefaction and display the hazard curves. Assuming a single constant GWT estimate during an earthquake revealed a certain liquefaction hazard within a sandy layer. Considering GWT variations during earthquakes showed, however, that liquefaction is unlikely to occur with an <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> threshold set at 1.0. These findings highlight: (1) the conservatism of the conventional approach that overestimates the liquefaction hazard, (2) the importance of the proposed probabilistic approach as a complementary tool for more reliable decision-making, and (3) the dependency of liquefaction hazard predictions on the degree of uncertainty in GWT estimates and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> threshold.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/10/1741flood protection leveeliquefaction hazardfrequency analysisGWT variationshazard curve |
| spellingShingle | Mbarka Selmi Yasser Hamdi Denis Moiriat Multi-Hazard Assessment of a Flood Protection Levee Atmosphere flood protection levee liquefaction hazard frequency analysis GWT variations hazard curve |
| title | Multi-Hazard Assessment of a Flood Protection Levee |
| title_full | Multi-Hazard Assessment of a Flood Protection Levee |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Hazard Assessment of a Flood Protection Levee |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Hazard Assessment of a Flood Protection Levee |
| title_short | Multi-Hazard Assessment of a Flood Protection Levee |
| title_sort | multi hazard assessment of a flood protection levee |
| topic | flood protection levee liquefaction hazard frequency analysis GWT variations hazard curve |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/10/1741 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mbarkaselmi multihazardassessmentofafloodprotectionlevee AT yasserhamdi multihazardassessmentofafloodprotectionlevee AT denismoiriat multihazardassessmentofafloodprotectionlevee |