Visualization of a Dinoflagellate-Infecting Virus HcDNAV and Its Infection Process
HcDNAV (a type species of Genus Dinodnavirus) is a large double-stranded DNA virus, which lytically infects the bloom-forming marine microalga Heterocapsa circularisquama Horiguchi (Dinophyceae). In the present study, detailed observation of the HcDNAV particle and its infection process was conducte...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-10-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/10/554 |
| _version_ | 1819264725580513280 |
|---|---|
| author | Yoshihito Takano Yuji Tomaru Keizo Nagasaki |
| author_facet | Yoshihito Takano Yuji Tomaru Keizo Nagasaki |
| author_sort | Yoshihito Takano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | HcDNAV (a type species of Genus Dinodnavirus) is a large double-stranded DNA virus, which lytically infects the bloom-forming marine microalga Heterocapsa circularisquama Horiguchi (Dinophyceae). In the present study, detailed observation of the HcDNAV particle and its infection process was conducted via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and epifluorescence microscopy (EFM). Each five-fold vertex of the icosahedral virion was decorated with a protrusion, which may be related to the entry process of HcDNAV into the host. The transverse groove of host cells is proposed to be the main virus entry site. A visible DAPI-stained region, which is considered to be the viroplasm (virus factory), appeared in close proximity to the host nucleus at 11 h post infection (hpi); the putative viral DAPI signal was remarkably enlarged at 11–30 hpi. It was kidney-shaped at 13–15 hpi, horseshoe-shaped at 20 hpi, doughnut-shaped at 30 hpi, and changed into a three-dimensionally complicated shape at 51–53 hpi, by which time most parts of the host cell were occupied by the putative viral DAPI signal. While the virions were within the viroplasm, they were easily distinguishable by their vertex protrusions by FE-SEM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:34:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c3508ca5d7846e3bccfe9764e78fb3b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:34:03Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c3508ca5d7846e3bccfe9764e78fb3b2022-12-21T17:32:08ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152018-10-01101055410.3390/v10100554v10100554Visualization of a Dinoflagellate-Infecting Virus HcDNAV and Its Infection ProcessYoshihito Takano0Yuji Tomaru1Keizo Nagasaki2Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Kochi, JapanNational Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaichi 739-0452, Hiroshima, JapanFaculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Kochi, JapanHcDNAV (a type species of Genus Dinodnavirus) is a large double-stranded DNA virus, which lytically infects the bloom-forming marine microalga Heterocapsa circularisquama Horiguchi (Dinophyceae). In the present study, detailed observation of the HcDNAV particle and its infection process was conducted via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and epifluorescence microscopy (EFM). Each five-fold vertex of the icosahedral virion was decorated with a protrusion, which may be related to the entry process of HcDNAV into the host. The transverse groove of host cells is proposed to be the main virus entry site. A visible DAPI-stained region, which is considered to be the viroplasm (virus factory), appeared in close proximity to the host nucleus at 11 h post infection (hpi); the putative viral DAPI signal was remarkably enlarged at 11–30 hpi. It was kidney-shaped at 13–15 hpi, horseshoe-shaped at 20 hpi, doughnut-shaped at 30 hpi, and changed into a three-dimensionally complicated shape at 51–53 hpi, by which time most parts of the host cell were occupied by the putative viral DAPI signal. While the virions were within the viroplasm, they were easily distinguishable by their vertex protrusions by FE-SEM.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/10/554viral infectionHeterocapsa circularisquama DNA virus (HcDNAV)dinoflagellatevirus entryfield emission scanning electron microscopyepifluorescence microscopytransverse grooveviroplasmvertex protrusionDinodnavirus |
| spellingShingle | Yoshihito Takano Yuji Tomaru Keizo Nagasaki Visualization of a Dinoflagellate-Infecting Virus HcDNAV and Its Infection Process Viruses viral infection Heterocapsa circularisquama DNA virus (HcDNAV) dinoflagellate virus entry field emission scanning electron microscopy epifluorescence microscopy transverse groove viroplasm vertex protrusion Dinodnavirus |
| title | Visualization of a Dinoflagellate-Infecting Virus HcDNAV and Its Infection Process |
| title_full | Visualization of a Dinoflagellate-Infecting Virus HcDNAV and Its Infection Process |
| title_fullStr | Visualization of a Dinoflagellate-Infecting Virus HcDNAV and Its Infection Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Visualization of a Dinoflagellate-Infecting Virus HcDNAV and Its Infection Process |
| title_short | Visualization of a Dinoflagellate-Infecting Virus HcDNAV and Its Infection Process |
| title_sort | visualization of a dinoflagellate infecting virus hcdnav and its infection process |
| topic | viral infection Heterocapsa circularisquama DNA virus (HcDNAV) dinoflagellate virus entry field emission scanning electron microscopy epifluorescence microscopy transverse groove viroplasm vertex protrusion Dinodnavirus |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/10/554 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yoshihitotakano visualizationofadinoflagellateinfectingvirushcdnavanditsinfectionprocess AT yujitomaru visualizationofadinoflagellateinfectingvirushcdnavanditsinfectionprocess AT keizonagasaki visualizationofadinoflagellateinfectingvirushcdnavanditsinfectionprocess |