Soil Burial Study of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: The Effect of Filler Loading and Presence of Silane Coupling Agent
Palm kernel shell (PKS) was incorporated into natural rubber composites at loadings ranging from 0 to 20 phr using a laboratory-size two-roll mill. A soil burial study of the PKS-filled NR composites as a function of filler loading and silane coupling agent incorporation was then conducted over a pe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North Carolina State University
2016-08-01
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| Series: | BioResources |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_11_4_8686_Daud_Soil_Burial_Palm_Kernel |
| _version_ | 1811335195593277440 |
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| author | Shuhairiah Daud Hanafi Ismail Azhar Abu Bakar |
| author_facet | Shuhairiah Daud Hanafi Ismail Azhar Abu Bakar |
| author_sort | Shuhairiah Daud |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Palm kernel shell (PKS) was incorporated into natural rubber composites at loadings ranging from 0 to 20 phr using a laboratory-size two-roll mill. A soil burial study of the PKS-filled NR composites as a function of filler loading and silane coupling agent incorporation was then conducted over a period of six months. The degraded composites were evaluated by means of tensile testing. To study the degradation of the composites after soil burial, their morphological properties were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Prior to the soil burial tests, as the PKS filler loading increased, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites both with and without the silane coupling agent decreased, while the tensile moduli (M100 and M300) increased. At identical filler loading values, the NR/PKS composites with the incorporated silane coupling agent exhibited better tensile properties than the NR/PKS composites without the silane. Following the soil burial tests, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and the tensile moduli (M100 and M300) all decreased because of microbial attacks on the composites. The addition of silane enhanced the retention of the tensile properties of the NR/PKS composites after soil burial because of the improved adhesion at the filler-rubber matrix interface. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:20:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c437ac33673418ba284d351bdc53eb6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1930-2126 1930-2126 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:20:35Z |
| publishDate | 2016-08-01 |
| publisher | North Carolina State University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BioResources |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c437ac33673418ba284d351bdc53eb62022-12-22T02:38:00ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21261930-21262016-08-011148686870210.15376/biores.11.4.8686-8702Soil Burial Study of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: The Effect of Filler Loading and Presence of Silane Coupling AgentShuhairiah Daud0Hanafi Ismail1Azhar Abu Bakar2School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.; MalaysiaSchool of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.; MalaysiaSchool of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.; MalaysiaPalm kernel shell (PKS) was incorporated into natural rubber composites at loadings ranging from 0 to 20 phr using a laboratory-size two-roll mill. A soil burial study of the PKS-filled NR composites as a function of filler loading and silane coupling agent incorporation was then conducted over a period of six months. The degraded composites were evaluated by means of tensile testing. To study the degradation of the composites after soil burial, their morphological properties were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Prior to the soil burial tests, as the PKS filler loading increased, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites both with and without the silane coupling agent decreased, while the tensile moduli (M100 and M300) increased. At identical filler loading values, the NR/PKS composites with the incorporated silane coupling agent exhibited better tensile properties than the NR/PKS composites without the silane. Following the soil burial tests, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and the tensile moduli (M100 and M300) all decreased because of microbial attacks on the composites. The addition of silane enhanced the retention of the tensile properties of the NR/PKS composites after soil burial because of the improved adhesion at the filler-rubber matrix interface.http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_11_4_8686_Daud_Soil_Burial_Palm_KernelPalm kernel shellSoil burialSilane coupling agentFTIRSEMTensile strength |
| spellingShingle | Shuhairiah Daud Hanafi Ismail Azhar Abu Bakar Soil Burial Study of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: The Effect of Filler Loading and Presence of Silane Coupling Agent BioResources Palm kernel shell Soil burial Silane coupling agent FTIR SEM Tensile strength |
| title | Soil Burial Study of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: The Effect of Filler Loading and Presence of Silane Coupling Agent |
| title_full | Soil Burial Study of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: The Effect of Filler Loading and Presence of Silane Coupling Agent |
| title_fullStr | Soil Burial Study of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: The Effect of Filler Loading and Presence of Silane Coupling Agent |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil Burial Study of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: The Effect of Filler Loading and Presence of Silane Coupling Agent |
| title_short | Soil Burial Study of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: The Effect of Filler Loading and Presence of Silane Coupling Agent |
| title_sort | soil burial study of palm kernel shell filled natural rubber composites the effect of filler loading and presence of silane coupling agent |
| topic | Palm kernel shell Soil burial Silane coupling agent FTIR SEM Tensile strength |
| url | http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_11_4_8686_Daud_Soil_Burial_Palm_Kernel |
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