Topology and Emergent Symmetries in Dense Compact Star Matter
It has been found that the topology effect and the possible emergent hidden scale and hidden local flavor symmetries at high density reveal a novel structure of compact star matter. When <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Symmetry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/3/776 |
| _version_ | 1797608856561385472 |
|---|---|
| author | Yong-Liang Ma Wen-Cong Yang |
| author_facet | Yong-Liang Ma Wen-Cong Yang |
| author_sort | Yong-Liang Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It has been found that the topology effect and the possible emergent hidden scale and hidden local flavor symmetries at high density reveal a novel structure of compact star matter. When <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub><mo>≥</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, baryons can be described by skyrmions when the number of color <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> is regarded as a large parameter and there is a robust topology change—the transition from skyrmion to half-skyrmion—in the skyrmion matter approach to dense nuclear matter. The hidden scale and local flavor symmetries, which are sources introducing the scalar meson and vector mesons, are significant elements for understanding the nuclear force in nonlinear chiral effective theories. We review in this paper how the robust conclusions from the topology approach to dense matter and emergent hidden scale and hidden local flavor symmetries figure in generalized nuclear effective field theory (G<i>n</i>EFT), which is applicable to nuclear matter from low density to compact star density. The topology change encoded in the parameters of the effective field theory is interpreted as the hadron-quark continuity in the sense of the Cheshire Cat Principle. A novel feature predicted in this theory that has not been found before is the precocious appearance of the conformal sound velocity in the cores of massive stars, although the trace of the energy-momentum tensor of the system is not zero. That is, there is a pseudoconformal structure in the compact star matter and, in contrast to the usual picture, the matter is made of colorless quasiparticles of fractional baryon charges. A possible resolution of the longstanding <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="sans-serif-italic">g</mi><mi>A</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> quench problem in nuclei transition and the compatibility of the predictions of the GnEFT with the global properties of neutron star and the data from gravitational wave detections are also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:50:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c477ae2e47649458987b6f6da2f48c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:50:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c477ae2e47649458987b6f6da2f48c52023-11-17T14:10:49ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942023-03-0115377610.3390/sym15030776Topology and Emergent Symmetries in Dense Compact Star MatterYong-Liang Ma0Wen-Cong Yang1College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaCollege of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaIt has been found that the topology effect and the possible emergent hidden scale and hidden local flavor symmetries at high density reveal a novel structure of compact star matter. When <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub><mo>≥</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, baryons can be described by skyrmions when the number of color <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> is regarded as a large parameter and there is a robust topology change—the transition from skyrmion to half-skyrmion—in the skyrmion matter approach to dense nuclear matter. The hidden scale and local flavor symmetries, which are sources introducing the scalar meson and vector mesons, are significant elements for understanding the nuclear force in nonlinear chiral effective theories. We review in this paper how the robust conclusions from the topology approach to dense matter and emergent hidden scale and hidden local flavor symmetries figure in generalized nuclear effective field theory (G<i>n</i>EFT), which is applicable to nuclear matter from low density to compact star density. The topology change encoded in the parameters of the effective field theory is interpreted as the hadron-quark continuity in the sense of the Cheshire Cat Principle. A novel feature predicted in this theory that has not been found before is the precocious appearance of the conformal sound velocity in the cores of massive stars, although the trace of the energy-momentum tensor of the system is not zero. That is, there is a pseudoconformal structure in the compact star matter and, in contrast to the usual picture, the matter is made of colorless quasiparticles of fractional baryon charges. A possible resolution of the longstanding <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="sans-serif-italic">g</mi><mi>A</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> quench problem in nuclei transition and the compatibility of the predictions of the GnEFT with the global properties of neutron star and the data from gravitational wave detections are also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/3/776dense nuclear mattertopology changescale symmetryquantum Hall dropletgravitational wave |
| spellingShingle | Yong-Liang Ma Wen-Cong Yang Topology and Emergent Symmetries in Dense Compact Star Matter Symmetry dense nuclear matter topology change scale symmetry quantum Hall droplet gravitational wave |
| title | Topology and Emergent Symmetries in Dense Compact Star Matter |
| title_full | Topology and Emergent Symmetries in Dense Compact Star Matter |
| title_fullStr | Topology and Emergent Symmetries in Dense Compact Star Matter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Topology and Emergent Symmetries in Dense Compact Star Matter |
| title_short | Topology and Emergent Symmetries in Dense Compact Star Matter |
| title_sort | topology and emergent symmetries in dense compact star matter |
| topic | dense nuclear matter topology change scale symmetry quantum Hall droplet gravitational wave |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/3/776 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yongliangma topologyandemergentsymmetriesindensecompactstarmatter AT wencongyang topologyandemergentsymmetriesindensecompactstarmatter |