Novel Systemic Inflammation Markers to Predict COVID-19 Prognosis
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic, challenging both the medical and scientific community for the development of novel vaccines and a greater understanding of the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 has been associated with a pronounced and out-of-control inf...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.741061/full |
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| author | Amirali Karimi Amirali Karimi Parnian Shobeiri Parnian Shobeiri Parnian Shobeiri Parnian Shobeiri Arutha Kulasinghe Nima Rezaei Nima Rezaei Nima Rezaei |
| author_facet | Amirali Karimi Amirali Karimi Parnian Shobeiri Parnian Shobeiri Parnian Shobeiri Parnian Shobeiri Arutha Kulasinghe Nima Rezaei Nima Rezaei Nima Rezaei |
| author_sort | Amirali Karimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic, challenging both the medical and scientific community for the development of novel vaccines and a greater understanding of the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 has been associated with a pronounced and out-of-control inflammatory response. Studies have sought to understand the effects of inflammatory response markers to prognosticate the disease. Herein, we aimed to review the evidence of 11 groups of systemic inflammatory markers for risk-stratifying patients and prognosticating outcomes related to COVID-19. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in prognosticating patient outcomes, including but not limited to severe disease, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation, and death. A few markers outperformed NLR in predicting outcomes, including 1) systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), 2) prognostic nutritional index (PNI), 3) C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) and high-sensitivity CAR (hsCAR), and 4) CRP to prealbumin ratio (CPAR) and high-sensitivity CPAR (hsCPAR). However, there are a limited number of studies comparing NLR with these markers, and such conclusions require larger validation studies. Overall, the evidence suggests that most of the studied markers are able to predict COVID-19 prognosis, however NLR seems to be the most robust marker. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T05:23:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c4ca41285084b8fb52cef281b6256ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T05:23:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c4ca41285084b8fb52cef281b6256ce2022-12-21T19:14:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-10-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.741061741061Novel Systemic Inflammation Markers to Predict COVID-19 PrognosisAmirali Karimi0Amirali Karimi1Parnian Shobeiri2Parnian Shobeiri3Parnian Shobeiri4Parnian Shobeiri5Arutha Kulasinghe6Nima Rezaei7Nima Rezaei8Nima Rezaei9School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNetwork of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, IranSchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNetwork of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, IranResearch Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCentre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Q6 Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QL, AustraliaNetwork of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, IranResearch Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic, challenging both the medical and scientific community for the development of novel vaccines and a greater understanding of the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 has been associated with a pronounced and out-of-control inflammatory response. Studies have sought to understand the effects of inflammatory response markers to prognosticate the disease. Herein, we aimed to review the evidence of 11 groups of systemic inflammatory markers for risk-stratifying patients and prognosticating outcomes related to COVID-19. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in prognosticating patient outcomes, including but not limited to severe disease, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation, and death. A few markers outperformed NLR in predicting outcomes, including 1) systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), 2) prognostic nutritional index (PNI), 3) C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) and high-sensitivity CAR (hsCAR), and 4) CRP to prealbumin ratio (CPAR) and high-sensitivity CPAR (hsCPAR). However, there are a limited number of studies comparing NLR with these markers, and such conclusions require larger validation studies. Overall, the evidence suggests that most of the studied markers are able to predict COVID-19 prognosis, however NLR seems to be the most robust marker.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.741061/fullbiomarkersCOVID-19inflammationinflammatory markersprognosisSARS-CoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | Amirali Karimi Amirali Karimi Parnian Shobeiri Parnian Shobeiri Parnian Shobeiri Parnian Shobeiri Arutha Kulasinghe Nima Rezaei Nima Rezaei Nima Rezaei Novel Systemic Inflammation Markers to Predict COVID-19 Prognosis Frontiers in Immunology biomarkers COVID-19 inflammation inflammatory markers prognosis SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | Novel Systemic Inflammation Markers to Predict COVID-19 Prognosis |
| title_full | Novel Systemic Inflammation Markers to Predict COVID-19 Prognosis |
| title_fullStr | Novel Systemic Inflammation Markers to Predict COVID-19 Prognosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Systemic Inflammation Markers to Predict COVID-19 Prognosis |
| title_short | Novel Systemic Inflammation Markers to Predict COVID-19 Prognosis |
| title_sort | novel systemic inflammation markers to predict covid 19 prognosis |
| topic | biomarkers COVID-19 inflammation inflammatory markers prognosis SARS-CoV-2 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.741061/full |
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