Application of System Dynamic Modelling for Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Expenditure for Captive Power Generation Scenarios in the Cement Industry
Cement manufacturing is an emission-intensive process. The cement industry is responsible for 8% of the global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, and produces a ton of cement uses up to 102 kWh of electrical energy, leading to a significant amount of indirect emissions depending on the emission i...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3115 |
| _version_ | 1797532536491999232 |
|---|---|
| author | Akhil Kunche Bożena Mielczarek |
| author_facet | Akhil Kunche Bożena Mielczarek |
| author_sort | Akhil Kunche |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cement manufacturing is an emission-intensive process. The cement industry is responsible for 8% of the global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, and produces a ton of cement uses up to 102 kWh of electrical energy, leading to a significant amount of indirect emissions depending on the emission intensity of the electricity source. Captive power generation can be potentially utilised as a mitigation approach to reduce emissions and as well as expenditure on electricity tariffs. In this study, a system dynamic simulation model is built to evaluate the impact of captive power generation on a cement plant’s net emissions and expenditure through electricity use, under different scenarios for carbon-tax, grid emission factor, and electricity tariffs. The model is then utilised to simulate a reference plant under realistic scenarios designed based on the conditions in Germany and United Arab Emirates. Furthermore, the model is utilised to calculate the payback period of investments on captive power plants under different carbon tax scenarios. The study concludes that a carbon tax policy on emissions through electricity utilisation could have an impact on incentivising the use of captive power generation and would lead to fewer emissions and expenditure during the cement plant’s lifetime. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:00:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c4e37863d8e4621ad2d3af9b178c803 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:00:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c4e37863d8e4621ad2d3af9b178c8032023-11-21T21:32:45ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-05-011411311510.3390/en14113115Application of System Dynamic Modelling for Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Expenditure for Captive Power Generation Scenarios in the Cement IndustryAkhil Kunche0Bożena Mielczarek1Department of Operations Research and Business Intelligence, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Operations Research and Business Intelligence, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandCement manufacturing is an emission-intensive process. The cement industry is responsible for 8% of the global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, and produces a ton of cement uses up to 102 kWh of electrical energy, leading to a significant amount of indirect emissions depending on the emission intensity of the electricity source. Captive power generation can be potentially utilised as a mitigation approach to reduce emissions and as well as expenditure on electricity tariffs. In this study, a system dynamic simulation model is built to evaluate the impact of captive power generation on a cement plant’s net emissions and expenditure through electricity use, under different scenarios for carbon-tax, grid emission factor, and electricity tariffs. The model is then utilised to simulate a reference plant under realistic scenarios designed based on the conditions in Germany and United Arab Emirates. Furthermore, the model is utilised to calculate the payback period of investments on captive power plants under different carbon tax scenarios. The study concludes that a carbon tax policy on emissions through electricity utilisation could have an impact on incentivising the use of captive power generation and would lead to fewer emissions and expenditure during the cement plant’s lifetime.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3115carbon mitigationcement industrysystem dynamicssustainable energy usemanagementdecision support |
| spellingShingle | Akhil Kunche Bożena Mielczarek Application of System Dynamic Modelling for Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Expenditure for Captive Power Generation Scenarios in the Cement Industry Energies carbon mitigation cement industry system dynamics sustainable energy use management decision support |
| title | Application of System Dynamic Modelling for Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Expenditure for Captive Power Generation Scenarios in the Cement Industry |
| title_full | Application of System Dynamic Modelling for Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Expenditure for Captive Power Generation Scenarios in the Cement Industry |
| title_fullStr | Application of System Dynamic Modelling for Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Expenditure for Captive Power Generation Scenarios in the Cement Industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of System Dynamic Modelling for Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Expenditure for Captive Power Generation Scenarios in the Cement Industry |
| title_short | Application of System Dynamic Modelling for Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Expenditure for Captive Power Generation Scenarios in the Cement Industry |
| title_sort | application of system dynamic modelling for evaluation of co sub 2 sub emissions and expenditure for captive power generation scenarios in the cement industry |
| topic | carbon mitigation cement industry system dynamics sustainable energy use management decision support |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3115 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT akhilkunche applicationofsystemdynamicmodellingforevaluationofcosub2subemissionsandexpenditureforcaptivepowergenerationscenariosinthecementindustry AT bozenamielczarek applicationofsystemdynamicmodellingforevaluationofcosub2subemissionsandexpenditureforcaptivepowergenerationscenariosinthecementindustry |