Animals as Reservoir for Human Norovirus
Norovirus is the most common cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis and is a burden worldwide. The increasing norovirus diversity is currently categorized into at least 10 genogroups which are further classified into more than 40 genotypes. In addition to humans, norovirus can infect a broad range o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/5/478 |
| _version_ | 1817990736185917440 |
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| author | Nele Villabruna Marion P. G. Koopmans Miranda de Graaf |
| author_facet | Nele Villabruna Marion P. G. Koopmans Miranda de Graaf |
| author_sort | Nele Villabruna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Norovirus is the most common cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis and is a burden worldwide. The increasing norovirus diversity is currently categorized into at least 10 genogroups which are further classified into more than 40 genotypes. In addition to humans, norovirus can infect a broad range of hosts including livestock, pets, and wild animals, e.g., marine mammals and bats. Little is known about norovirus infections in most non-human hosts, but the close genetic relatedness between some animal and human noroviruses coupled with lack of understanding where newly appearing human norovirus genotypes and variants are emerging from has led to the hypothesis that norovirus may not be host restricted and might be able to jump the species barrier. We have systematically reviewed the literature to describe the diversity, prevalence, and geographic distribution of noroviruses found in animals, and the pathology associated with infection. We further discuss the evidence that exists for or against interspecies transmission including surveillance data and data from in vitro and in vivo experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:03:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8c53aec1a45d499cb7eb5541617e4446 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:03:30Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-8c53aec1a45d499cb7eb5541617e44462022-12-22T02:21:19ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-05-0111547810.3390/v11050478v11050478Animals as Reservoir for Human NorovirusNele Villabruna0Marion P. G. Koopmans1Miranda de Graaf2Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The NetherlandsNorovirus is the most common cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis and is a burden worldwide. The increasing norovirus diversity is currently categorized into at least 10 genogroups which are further classified into more than 40 genotypes. In addition to humans, norovirus can infect a broad range of hosts including livestock, pets, and wild animals, e.g., marine mammals and bats. Little is known about norovirus infections in most non-human hosts, but the close genetic relatedness between some animal and human noroviruses coupled with lack of understanding where newly appearing human norovirus genotypes and variants are emerging from has led to the hypothesis that norovirus may not be host restricted and might be able to jump the species barrier. We have systematically reviewed the literature to describe the diversity, prevalence, and geographic distribution of noroviruses found in animals, and the pathology associated with infection. We further discuss the evidence that exists for or against interspecies transmission including surveillance data and data from in vitro and in vivo experiments.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/5/478<i>Caliciviridae</i>Norwalknorovirushost rangeanimal reservoirpathogenesiszoonosisreverse zoonosis |
| spellingShingle | Nele Villabruna Marion P. G. Koopmans Miranda de Graaf Animals as Reservoir for Human Norovirus Viruses <i>Caliciviridae</i> Norwalk norovirus host range animal reservoir pathogenesis zoonosis reverse zoonosis |
| title | Animals as Reservoir for Human Norovirus |
| title_full | Animals as Reservoir for Human Norovirus |
| title_fullStr | Animals as Reservoir for Human Norovirus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Animals as Reservoir for Human Norovirus |
| title_short | Animals as Reservoir for Human Norovirus |
| title_sort | animals as reservoir for human norovirus |
| topic | <i>Caliciviridae</i> Norwalk norovirus host range animal reservoir pathogenesis zoonosis reverse zoonosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/5/478 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nelevillabruna animalsasreservoirforhumannorovirus AT marionpgkoopmans animalsasreservoirforhumannorovirus AT mirandadegraaf animalsasreservoirforhumannorovirus |